| As the center of the southwest Karst region, Guizhou plateau is the most extensive and the most serious areas in China. The ecological environment of the region is fragile, and the ability to recover is poor, adding the unreasonable human activities, there is a serious phenomenon of rocky desertification in this region. Plants have good water retention and soil protection, it can improve the microclimate and prevent soil erosion, therefore, the development of economic forest standard of planting and derivatives industry in karst area can enhance the vegetation coverage in the local area and prevent further deterioration of rocky desertification. Also, the development of fruit industry and derivatives industry chain can greatly promote the development of the local economy, improve local people’s backward mode of production and labor model, through the means of direct benefits promoting the indirect benefits to achieve the purpose of controlling the rocky desertification. By scientific experiments in two areas in 2013-2016, we summed up a set of the orchard standardization planting techniques and multiple stereo matching planting technology that fits karst area. We also construct the economic forest standard of planting and derivative industry coupled model in karst area and then do the demonstration and monitoring the performance evaluation. In demonstration, the problems was improved and optimized and integrated promotion.(1)The orchard planting key technology, combining the fruit and other vegetation multiple stereo planting technology and rocky desertification control project in karst area, we proposed economic forest standard of planting and derivative industry coupled model in karst area. Integrate with fruit tree species selection, grass cultivation, scientific fertilization, soil moisture and drought, fruit and nut trees and other vegetation optimization cultivation techniques supporting system. Make full use of the advantage of natural conditions and policy support time in rocky desertification area to form the "production- supply- sales" integrated business model.(2)Based on the natural environment conditions in Karst area and ecological and economic development goals to do the variety breeding in Karst area, we finalized in mild to moderate rocky desertification area orchard planting in the core of walnuts, and moderate intensity rocky desertification area in the orchard planting pepper as the core. Based on the experimental study in the field of Standardization Cultivation Technology of fruit, and fruit trees and grass planting with other multivariate test, we summarize a set of key technology such as grass cultivation, scientific fertilization, soil moisture and drought, and research and development of a forest shrub-grass-livestock, trees and grain crops and fruit and nut trees optimized supporting planting technology.(3) Through the the economic, social and ecological benefits evaluation in Bijie and Huajiang demonstration area of orchard standardization planting, fruit and nut trees and other vegetation optimization planting, fruit derivative industry development, we find that compared with the traditional single grain farming, the annual output value of the economic output of the walnut is 5 times of the net annual output value of maize in Bijie demonstration area, and the annual output value of the pepper is 6 times of the net annual output value of maize in Huajiang demonstration area. From the perspective of ecological benefits, the majority of the soil physical properties showed the improvement trend in both demonstration area. The chemical properties of the soil were significantly higher than that of the traditional agricultural areas in both demonstration area, also, the phenomenon that the soil nutrient index in the traditional farming area does not rise and fall also shows that it is unfavorable for the recovery of Karst rocky desertification in the long term only to grow a single economic crop. |
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