Study On The Ecological Security Of Miniature Town Based On The Emergy-Ecological Footprint Model

Since the policy of reform and opening, urbanization had made remarkable achievements. The Eighteenth National Congress put forward "new-type urbanization", which had became the general direction of China’s development. New urbanization plan emphasizes ecological civilization, green development, cycle development, low-carbon development. Jiangbei district, as a new town in 2015 and integrated test point, is a typical urban fringe. This paper quantitatively assessed the ecological safety and ecological security, which had great of practical significance.Based on ecological security of ecological footprint theory, this paper took Jiangbei district of Chongqing as the research object. Firstly, this paper calculated the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of Jiangbei district from 2004 to 2013. Evaluated the security status of Jiangbei district through the index of ecological pressure, ecological harmony index, ecological diversity index and GDP ecological footprint and other indicators of ecological security. Then explore and analysis the factors that may affect the ecological footprint. And after that, found the driving factors of ecological safety in Jiangbei district by principal component analysis. And propose some measures after the analysis of the driving force. Finally, we draw the following conclusions:(1)The ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacityJiangbei district of Chongqing regional ecological carrying capacity was 7.54E+04 hm2 in 2013, per capita ecological footprint was 0.7577 hm2, per capita ecological carrying capacity was 0.1297 hm2, ecological deficit was 0.6280 hm2. The overall ecological carrying capacity in 2004-2007 was on the rising and generally into a downward trend from 2007 to 2013. Total energy ecological footprint of Jiangbei was more smoothly, tiny change. Per capita ecological footprint was in the larger changes, rise but rapidly decrease after 2011.Overall per capita capacity on the rise and drop in continuous wave decline. In terms of the structure of the ecological footprint, the main demand of ecological footprint of jiangbei was fossil energy land before 2008, nest was building lands. But after 2007,the fossil energy land reduced gradually, and the proportion of construction land also gradually increased. Grassland, forest land, arable land and water for a small proportion, total proportion were about 5%.Except the fossil energy land footprint appeared in small increments rising and falling, the other five types of land types have different degree of continuity.(2) The ecological security evaluationIn the evaluation of ecological security in the period from2004 to 2013, the Jiangbei district has been in a state of ecological deficit. From 2004 to2007, the ecological deficit was rised, but after 2007, the total ecological deficit decreased, indicating that the ecological sustainability of Jiangbei district is not slowed down. GDP ecological footprint is continuously decreasing, indicating the efficiency of resource utilization increased. Ecological pressure index decreased obviously after 2011. The ecology of Jiangbei district is in an extremely unsafe state, but in eased after 2011.Biological diversity index is low, less diversity; ecological coordination index is close to 1, indicating Jiangbei district ecological uncoordinated state. Generally speaking, the ecological safety of Jiangbei district is in a state of insecurity, but it is eased after 2011. This shows that the Jiangbei district of Chongqing is in an unsafe situation.(3) Driving FactorsAfter comprehensive consideration, the Pearson correlation coefficient method and the grey correlation method is adopted to select 49 indicators that may affect the ecological footprint, delete indicators of a small influence. Then component analysis is adopted to analysis the driving factors of ecological footprint change in jiangbei district of chongqing from 2004 to 2013. The result shows: 10 years economic growth is the main driving force of the social ecological footprint in jiangbei district chongqing. The natural environment is one of the important driving force of the ecological footprint; Changes of industrial structure is the important factor causing ecological footprint changes.(4) Corresponding measuresBased on the actual situation of Jiangbei district and three driving factors above analysis, this paper puts forward the corresponding measures: First of all, improving the ecological carrying capacity, developing a green recycling economy, actively developing renewable energy sources and ecological economy. Secondly, strengthen efforts to protect the natural environment and ecologically productive land as farmland, woodland and grassland, increasing forest coverage; Further more, optimize and adjust the industrial structure, increase the proportion of tertiary industry, reduce the high energy consumption and high second industrial pollution. Finally, speeding up the construction of the new type urbanization, taking a new road of urbanization and intensive, intelligent, green, low-carbon. Jiangbei district, actively and steadily promote urbanization, and strive to improve the quality of urbanization.