| Purpose:This test was conducted to explore the effect and mechanism of Pleurotus ostraatus spent mushroom substrate(SMS) replace part of alfalfa meals on production performance and intestinal flora of Fujian yellow rabbits, which would provide theoretical basis for applications of spent mushroom substrate as unconventional feed resources in Fujian yellow rabbits feed.Method:ln this study, one hundred weaned Fujian yellow rabbits(similar SW) of 35 ± 2 days were randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 repeats, and each replicate 4 Fujian yellow rabbits. The control group (CK)was fed the basal diet;Group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ IV for the test group, the proportions of Pleurotus ostraatus SMS replace afalfa meal in the diet of test group were 25%,50%,75% and 100%,respectively.Pre-feeding period was 7 days and the experiment was lasted for 53 days. Growth and slaughter performance, immune organ index, serum biochemical criterion, small intestinal digestive enzyme activity and faecal apparent digestibility of nutrients, cecal microflora and intestinal morphology, muscle amino acids content in the five groups were compared and analyzed.Results1. The growth and slaughter performance:The ADFI and ADG between each groups had no significant difference with the control group(P> 0.05). The ADFI and feed to gain ratio(F/G) were the minimum which proportions of SMS replace afalfa meal in the diet was 50%, had no significant difference with the control group. The feed efficiency of Group Ⅱ was better than that of other test groups.A half eviscerated weight and eviscerated weight of each experiment groups had decreased trend with the level of Pleurotus ostraatus SMS increasing (P> 0.05).Half eviscerated ratio and the whole eviscerated ratio of the group I was 53.01% ,52.0%, respectively,Which was the highest group.2. Immune organ index:Spleen weight and spleen index of Group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ groups were higher than those of control group (P>0.05), Group II were close to the control group. Thymus weight and thymus index of Group Ⅱ were higher than those of control group, but had no significant difference (P> 0.05).3. Muscle amino acids content:the differences of total amino acid, essential amino acid and delicious amino acid content of the test groups were not significant difference. The hind leg muscle’s total amino acid, essential amino acid and delicious amino acid content of group II were higher than the control group (P> 0.05), delicious amino acid content of group I was significant increased by 19.20% (P< 0.05). Glycine and leucine content of group II were increased by 9.15% (P<0.01), 2.80%(P<0.05), respectively.4. Serum biochemical criterion:There were no significant difference among the TG,ALT,AST,glucose of test groups and control group(P> 0.05).Compared with control group,T-CHO of group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was decreased by 1.10% (P>0.05), 17.58% (P> 0.05), respectively.TP of the group Ⅱ and Ⅲ were slightly higher than control group (P>0.05);ALB of group II increased by 6.63% (P>0.05); BUN of group II was significantly lower than control group, reduced by 5.96% (P<0.05).5. Apparent digestibility of nutrients:Nutrient digestibility of group I and II added Pleurotus ostraatus SMS were higher than control group, with the increase of the replacement proportion of Pleurotus ostraatus SMS, the nutrient digestibility was gradually deseasing. group I was the highest, the digestibility rate of CP, EE, CF, NDF and ADF were 77.27%,77.27%,37.56%,34.57%,25.72%. Group II and the control group had the similar nutrient digestibility.6. Intestinal enzyme activity:The amylase(AMS)and lipase(LPS)activity of duodenum of group II were the highest and had no significant difference compared with the control group (P> 0.05);Jejunum amylase, lipase, trypsin activity of group II were also the best, Jejunum lipase activity was 109.06±1.77 U/g·prot and very significant higher than control group (P< 0.01).7. The intestinal morphology:Compared with the control group, duodenal villus height of group II increased by 5.59% (P> 0.05), crypt depth of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ were significantly lower than control group (P<0.01);Duodenal V/C value of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than control group (P<0.01). Jejunum villus height of group Ⅱ was higher than the control group, but had no significant difference(P>0.05); Jejunum crypt depth of group II was remarkably lower than the control group by 5.85% (P<0.01); V/C value of group Ⅰ、Ⅱ were increased by 1.67% (P>0.05) and 8.85% (P< 0.01). Ileal villus height of group II was slightly higher than control group (P>0.05), crypt depth was significantly lower than control group,reduced by 12.63% (P<0.01);The ileum V/C value was higher than the control group,decreased by 7.32% (P<0.01).8. Caecal microflora:The total number of caecal bacteria in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ of Fujian yellow rabbits had no significant difference (P>0.05) with control group. Compared with control group, the number of E.coli in group Ⅱ was decreased by 2.65% (P>0.05). Lactobacillus number of group IV was slightly lower than the control group, other test groups were higher than the control group, group Ⅰ,Ⅱ were remarkably increased by 2.45% and 11.80% respectively (P<0.01).Conclusion1. The Pleurotus ostraatus SMS replace parts of alfalfa meal in the diet had no significant influence on growth and slaughter performance of Fujian yellow rabbits.2. The alternative proportion of Pleurotus ostraatus SMS can improve serum biochemical criterion of Fujian yellow rabbits, raise immune function and small intestinal digestive enzyme activity, improve apparent digestibility of fecal nutrient, maintain the cecum micro ecological balance and the intestinal morphology structure, improve the quality of the rabbit meat.3. In terms of comprehensive, the best proportion of Pleurotus ostraatus SMS replace afalfa meal in the compound feed of Fujian yellow rabbits was 50%, can maintain the best balance of intestinal flora, and improve the production performance and digestive enzyme activity, rabbit meat good flavor and quality 。... |
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