| The studies were carried out from 2011 to 2013 in Muping Yantai of Shandong province. Tested materials were Luhua 10 with local currently large acreage and Huayu 19 with high yield. In order to find the cause of blighted peanuts, the farming system, soil pH, soil nutrient content in conventional plots and blighted peanuts plots were studied. The research studied the effects of different type fertilizers application on morphological indicators,physiology indicators,pods yield of peanuts, and studied the effects of different amount of calcium fertilizer on morphological indicators, physiology indicators, pods yield of peanuts and unfruitful peanut pods. The main results are as follows: 1. The cause of blighted peanuts and symptomsSoil PH continues to show a reduction tendency in resent years and the soil PH of above 5.5% is adaptable to the growth of peanuts, however the results showed that plots with lower PH 5.5 rose to 64.3%, which is consistent with most studies, and soil acidification is the major cause of blighted peanuts. Survey data shows that continuous cropping is easier to generate blighted peanuts than crop rotation and rotation of peanut and germanous crop are more likely to avoid empty pods phenomenon than rotation of peanut and fruit trees.Soil pH of blighted peanuts was generally acidic soil or strongly acidic soil. With the lowering of pH, the content of soil Fe, Mn increased and available Ca decreased. When the soil pH changed, the content of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, and available potassium content had no significant change. Compared to normal plants, empty pods of plants had much changes, such as elephantine vegetative part 、 high plant、branches increasing、green leaf, strong deep roots. 2. The effects of different fertilizer treatments on peanuts morphological indexes、physiology indexesDifferent fertilizer treatments had a great influence on main stem height and branch length of both two cultivars. Application of different fertilizer treatments to Luhua 10 and Huayu 19 increased plant main stem height and side branches length, but had no obvious influence on the branch number and the number of main stem green leaves. The results showed that NTP treatment( compound fertilizer + Carbon-based slow-release fertilizer + super phosphate) had great effects on peanuts main stem height and branch length, and main stem height of NTP treatments of Luhua 10 and Huayu 19 increased by 28.7% and 30.4% respectively compared with their control, and branches length growth by 17.5% and 18.1%. The results indicated that NTP treatment was beneficial to the growth and development of peanut plants. Increment in different fertilizer could significantly improved hundred-pod weight, hundredkernel weight and kernel percent, reduced significantly number of 1 kg-pod, and decreased obviously blighted pods and percent of blighted pods of Luhua 10 and Huayu 19. The effects of different types of fertilizers on Luhua 10 and Huayu 19 were basically consistent. Among all treatments, the percent of plump pods on the NP(composite fertilizer + calcium super phosphate) and NTP(composite fertilizer + carbon based slow-release fertilizer + calcium super phosphate) treatment were higher than that of treatments without fertilization. The percent of plump pods reached 74.53%,75.47% and 74.13%,75.41%. The results showed that the two fertilizer treatments of NP and NTP were beneficial to the development of peanut pods.Different fertilizer treatments affected the yield of two peanut cultivars significantly. The effect of different fertilizer treatments on Luhua 10 was in basically agreement with Huayu 19.The pod yield of Luhua 10 of NTP treatment and NP treatment was higher significantly than that of no fertilizer treatment, and the pods yield of the two treatments are 5063.33kg/hm2, 4351.67 kg/hm2 respectively. The pod yield of Huayu 19 of the NTP treatment and NP treatment was significantly higher than that of the control by 38.49% and 18.41%, and were 4563.33kg/hm2, 3901.67kg/hm2 respectively.The results showed that the two treatments of NP and NTP were beneficial to peanut plant growth and development and also help peanut pod growth and development. Peanut pod yield of the two fertilization method had an obvious increase, so they were suitable for application in the production of peanut. 3. The effects of different amount of calcium treatments on morphological indexes、physiology indexes of peanutThe effects of different calcium fertilizer treatments on main stem height and branch length reached significant level, and the impact on the number of branches and the number of green leaves was not significant. The effects of different amount of calcium fertilizer treatments on hundred pod weight, hundred-kernel weight and kernel rate reached significant level, however,there was a negative correlation between amount of calcium fertilizer treatments and Pods/kg.The results showed that calcium fertilizer treatments in the strongly acidic soil reduced main stem height and branch length. Compared to no calcium treatment, application of calcium fertilizer reduced main stem height, and branch length, and lowered the number of branches and the number of green leaves. All calcium fertilizer treatments could improve the number of plump pods, and significantly reduce the percent of blighted pods and percent of empty pods, which showed that application of calcium fertilizer was able to avoid unfruitful pods.Application different amount of calcium fertilizer could significantly improve the Luhua 10 pod yield, and T3 treatment(1125kg/hm2 CaO) and T4 treatment(1500kg/hm2 CaO) were easier to increase the peanut yield than that of other treatments. And pods yield of the two treatments were 4850kg/hm2 and 4825 kg/hm2, respectively. The results showed that application of 1500 kg/hm2 CaO ' 1875kg/hm2 CaO in highly acidic soil improved pods yield obviously. With the increase of the amount of calcium, pod yield of adding 1875 kg / hm2 CaO treatment was less than adding 1125 kg / hm2 and 1500 kg / hm2 CaO two treatments, indicating that effects of the amount of fertilizer on peanut production was not always beneficial. The specific reasons were remained for further study.The research showed that, application calcium fertilizer in acidic soil pots of calcium deficiency which unfruitful pods occur easily was useful to improve the hundred-pod weight、hundred-kernel weight and kernel rate, and decreased the number of 1 kg-pod and the appearance of unfruitful pods. Aiming at the amount of calcium fertilizer, 1125kg/hm2 CaO and 1500kg/hm2 CaO were thought to improve peanut pods yield easily, which could be used as reference in peanut production. |
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