| Eastern area of Helan Mountain is one of the best wine grape ecological regions in our country, it has been built a grape base which is 510 thousand mu, it’s annual production capacity of wine is 100 thousand tons. Recently, along with the amplification of grape planting area and the increase of planting-year, the question of production drawdown which is resulting from the ineffective pest control is outstanding. In this paper we chose diseases and pests of Grape as the object, we surveyed species of diseases and pests of grape; analyzed insect community of new vineyard, studied on the technique of nuisanceless prevention of heavy rot disease of grape fruit and Vespidae in the colouring-maturation stage. The main conclusions were as follows:1. There were 36 kinds of main diseases and pests of Grape in Eastern Helan Mountain. Among them 16 kinds of diseases,there were 3 kinds of leaf diseases, they were Plasmopara viticola,Uncinula necater and Pseudocercospora vitis;Rhizome part had 3 disease, which was Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Botryosphaeria sp and Cryptosporella uiticola; Fruit had 6 kinds of diseases, they were Botrytis cinerea, Colletortrichum gloeosporiodes, Conella diplodiella, Alternaria viticola and Sphaceloma ampelinum; There were 6 kinds of systematic virus disease and 10 kinds of physiological diseases. Among them 20 kinds of pests,There were 12 kinds of pests damaged leaves and they were mainly Erythroneura apicalis,Colomeerus vitis, Frankliniellaoccidentalis and so on; There were 5 kinds of pest of Proagopertha lucidula, Popillia quadriguttata,Trematodes grandis, Anomala sulcipennis and Potosia (Liocola) brevitarsis,which Larvae feed on roots and adults hazards bud, leaf, flower and fruit;three kinds of damaged fruit pest were Mylabris spaciosa,Vespula ruta ruta and Polistes chinesis antennalis; Agrotis ypsilon one kind of pest damaged root.2. Survey results show that the new vineyard of insect community in Eastern Helan Mountain, Insect community were belong to coleoptera, lepidoptera, Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Homoptera and Blattaria,78 species of 35 families of 5 order, Dominant species of insect communities were Adoretus nigrifrons, Serica orientalis motschulsky and Maladera verticalis Fairmaire,relative abundance were 0.3833、0.1297 and 0.1269; Natural enemies got 4 order,26 species of 13 families., dominant species of natural enemies were Ptero stichus gebleri, Harpalus calceatus and Martyr alter, relative abundance were 0.083、0.0051 and 0.0030.3. Diseased grape fruits were taken as test materials, pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified, the activity strains, which could highly inhibit pathogenic bacteria, were also screened by using laboratory experiments. The results showed that pathogenic bacteria which caused rot disease of grape were Rhizopus stolonifera, Penicillium expansum, Botrygis cinerea Pers and Colletotnchum gloeosprioides; BM-trichoderma had high antibacterial activity on four putrefying fungi strains, moreover, the highest antibacterial rate was 79.78% and EC5o value was 1.38. BM-trichoderma and YWZKDS4 had broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, and the inhibition zone of YWZKDS4 against four putrefying fungi strains exceed to 9.86 mm. Field experiments showed that the control effects of BM-trichoderma and YWZKDS4 were 55.80% and 61.27%, and there were significant differences with other agents.4. According to12 kinds of pesticides for test material, use annihilation method, to study the harm of Grapes of Vespidae in Eastern Helan Mountain of NingXia,and the species identification.The results showed that,the Polistes chinesis antennalis as well as the Vespula ruta ruta are the main causes for harming grape; All of 12 kinds of pesticides have control effection for Vespidae,among them,the 1.5% Pyrethrinis the most effective one to control the Polistes chinesis antennalis,namely 12.00 in a cup;meanwhile,the 0.5% of Veratrine is effective for controling Vespula ruta ruta,control effection is 14.89 in a cup. |
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