Study On The Soil Fertility Status And Protection Countermeasures In Basic Farmland Of Hongjiang City

Hongjiang City was taken as the object to evaluate and analyze the quality situation of basic farmland in this paper; and summarize the factors which affect the quality of basic farmland as well as the existing problems.At the same time, combining with the practical situation of Hongjiang City, It puts forward the corresponding countermeasures to protect the quality of basic farmland. This research established evaluation model and selected ten evaluation index from the following four aspects including basic farmland site conditions, physical and chemical properties, soil management and profile properties. Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine evaluation index weights, using accumulative method to calculate the comprehensive evaluation value, the evaluation results can be divided into seven levels, of which the first and the second levels belong to high quality range, the third and forth levels belong to medium quality range, the fifth、sixth and the seventh levels belong to the inferior range。The main findings and conclusions are as follows:(1) The basic farmland total area of the Hongjiang City are22720.89hectares, in which the high quality range takes up6921.34hectares, the medium quality range takes up13018.49hectares, the poor quality range takes up2781.05hectares. They respectively account for30.46%,57.30%,12.24%of the total basic farmland area in Hongjiang City. Therefore, the basic farmland area above medium quality accounts for87.76%of the total area.On the whole, the basic farmland quality condition is good.(2)In terms of spatial distribution, the basic farmland of high quality are mainly distributed in Yanlong, Longtian, Long Chuantang Yao nationality and Xiazhou village.The four villages respectively account for12.66%、8.22%、6.11%and6.06%of the total high quality of basic farmland; respectively account for3.86%、2.5%、1.86%and1.85%of the total basic farmland in the Hongjiang City. From the overall analysis, the basic farmland of good quality conditions are mainly distributed in plain area, which is flat and has a better infrastructure; the soil thickness is more than17cm and the surface layer soil are mainly loam. (3) Paddy fields are mainly distributed in the range of the medium and high comprehensive index, among them, the paddy fields of high quality take up6921.34hectares; the paddy fields of medium quality occupy14246.63hectares; the paddy fields of poor quality take up659.91hectares. They respectively account for31.71%,65.27%and3.02%of the total area of paddy field in the Hongjiang City. According to statistics, the paddy fields of high quality are mainly storage type paddy soil while the paddy fields of poor quality are mainly gley type paddy soil. Dry land is distributed relatively uniformly, but the quality of dry land is not high. There is no distribution of dry land within the range of high quality. The medium quality range of dry land are543.11hectares; the poor quality range of dry land are350.88hectares. They respectively account for60.71%and39.29%of the total area of dry land in Hongjiang City. The dry land soil types of the medium quality are mainly red soil and chao soil;while types of the poor quality range are mainly red soil.(4) According to present situation of land use of Hongjiang City,the main problems existing in the basic farmland use and the benifit of protecting basic farmland,some targeted measures and recommendations were given to enhance the protection of the basic farmland from the aspects of quantity. These countermeasures included:1) Establishing and improving the quality monitoring system and resource management information system of basic farmland conditions;2) To strengthen the maintenance of legalized management of basic farmland, and improve the relevant laws and regulations;3) developing basic farmland construction of soil fertility and soil improvement plan reasonably. to improve soil fertility and coordinate the soil nutrient content through various channels;4) Improving soil ecological environment by applying new agricultural technology and reducing the use of fertilizer,pesticide and etc.