Fruit Quality Of Kiwifruit And Its Correlation With Soil And Leaf Nutrition

In order to provide theoretical evidence in high quality and highly efficient construction and cultivation of kiwifruit orchard, Actinidia deliciosa C.F.Liang et A.R.Ferguson’Jinkui’ as test materials, the comprehensive observation and evaluation of’Jinkui’kiwifruit quality from 15 different orchards at Fengxin country in Jiangxi province by the principal component analysis, the conventional measurement method of the soil physical and chemical properties and leaf nutrition were determined and their correlation were analyzed, On this basis, further discussed the relationship between the’Jinkui’kiwifruit quality and soil, leaf nutrition factor. Put forward the suitable scope of the soil of fruit quality and the leaf nutrition factor. The main results were as follows:1 The comprehensive evaluation of nine characteristics of the fruit quality of’Jinkui’ kiwifruit from different orchards by the method of principal components analysis, the principal components analysis results shown that the first four principal components (Eigenvalue>l)cumulative contribution approximated to 81.32%; Scatterplot of the first three principal components analysis showed the distribution of fruit quality of different orchards of’Jinkui’kiwifruit. The arranging order of the synthetical score from high to low of the 15 orchards(JK1-JK15) of’Jinkui’kiwifruit were:JK1, JK2, JK3, JK4, JK13, JK10, JK6, JK8, JK5, JK14, JK12, JK7, JK15, JK11, JK9.2 All’Jinkui’kiwifruit orchards’soil organic content were totaly lower. Available N content was sufficient, available P and available K content were under appropriate scope accounted for 53.33% and 40.00% respectively in tested kiwifruit orchards; Available Ca content of 86.67% orchard was under appropriate range, available Mg content of 46.67% orchard was poor; The lack of available Mn and available Zn orchard accounted for 46.67% and 53.33% respectively, available B content of all orchard was sufficient; The average of soil pH was 6.11, suitable for growth of kiwifruit in the mass, but still 33.33% of orchard soil pH is low; Total soil base of 53.33% orchards was low, soil cation exchange capacity was at the appropriate level; Most of the orchard soil bulk density were on the high side.Selected 15’Jinkui’kiwifruit orchards’leaf N content was totality low, P content was abundant, leaf K content of 46.67% orchard was totality low; Most of orchard leaf Ca content were low, only 26.67% orchard leaf Ca content was in suitable level, leaf Mg content was sufficient in the mass; Leaf Mn content was surplus in the mass, characterized by lack of B content in general; 53.33% orchard leaf Cl content was too high, leading to appearing Cl poisoning phenomenon.3 Besides negatively correlated with available Mn, soil organic matter were positively correlated with other nutrients; the soil available nutrients content was closely related to soil pH, total base, and the cation exchange capacity; Soil bulk density was negatively correlated with most of soil nutrient such as soil organic matter etc.. Improving soil organic matter content, keeping the appropriate pH, lower bulk density could improve the effective state content of each mineral elements in soil, to promoting the tree to absorb these nutrients.Synergistic and antagonistic effect between leaf nutrient elements was quite common. There was synergistic effect between Cl and K, Mg and Mn in’Jinkui’kiwifruit leaf; antagonistic effect between Cl and Zn Ca, K and Ca, Cl and P Zn B. Controling Cl fertilizer application could prevent tree chlorine poisoning phenomenon, still could increase other nutrient elements content, thus to improve the quality of kiwifruit.Leaf mineral element was affected by multiple factors of soil nutrients. Besides correlation of B related reached significant level, other correlation between mineral elements did not reach significant level, some even reached a negative correlation (K, Mn, Cl). Under certain conditions, the lack of some element in the kiwifruit leaf was not necessarily because of the lack of relevant elements in soil, there might be difficulty for roots to absorb nutrients, etc., could be used to improve soil pH and aeration condition, balance soil nutrient contents increased root activity in order to promote the tree to the absorption of nutrients.4 There was different size of correlation coefficient among diffident soil, leaf nutrition and fruit quality. Using canonical correlation analysis method, this study screened out the influent factor of kiwifruit fruit quality soil, leaf nutrition and established linear regression equation. The results were as follows:Liner regression formulation of quality factors of Kiwifruit mandarin with soil nutrients were:y2=43.37655+1.20653a1+0.1728a2+2.8595a9 F= 44.117*y3=13.78186-0.03061a2+0.00563a4+0.00141a5 F= 3.962*y5=11.45574+0.38558a1+0.00072a5-0.01508a6-2.32631a9 F= 3.678*y6=3.60382+0.02712a1+0.11675a7+0.28655a8+0.07104a10 F= 3.917*y7=1.26395+0.00221a2-0.00355a3-0.00068a4+0.00016a5-0.2014a9 F=6.685**Liner regression formulation of quality factors of Kiwifruit mandarin with leaf nutrients were:y1=1.14169+0.32784b2-0.46376b5+0.00074b8 F=5.448*y2=68.20675+23.65573b2+0.17465b3-3.82726b4+0.01121b6 F=3.551*y4=12.56447+3.03422b1-2.09032b3-0.49329b4+4.84421b5+0.02469b7 F=12.554**y1-y7 represent fruit shape index, fruit weight, hardness, dry matter, soluble solids, soluble sugar and titratable acid; a1-a10 represent soil organic matter, AN, AP, AK, ACa, AMg, AMn, AZn, AB, AC1; b1-b9 represent leaf Cl, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, B, Cl. 5 Soil nutrient optimum range of fruit quality in ’Jinkui’ orchard respectively was:organic matter content was 40 g·kg-1, available N was 75.00-140.OOmg·kg-1, available P was 60.00mg·kg-1,available K was 300.OOmg·kg-1, available Ca was 2003.47-3600.00mg·kg-1, available Mg was 120.00mg·kg-1, available Mn was 10-20 mg·kg-1, available Zn was 20 mg·kg-1, available B was 0.50-1.20 mg·kg-1, available Cl was 30 mg·kg-1; Leaf nutrition optimum range respectively was:N was 2.27%, P was 0.8%, K was 2.00%, Ca was 2.46-2.50%, Mg was 0.4%, Mn was 173.1mg·kg-1, Zn was 90.00mg·kg-1, B was 79.9mg·kg-1.