| Methane produced during anaerobic fermentation in the rumen is an energy loss to the host animal and contributes to productions of greenhouse gases into the environment. Reducing methane production has implications for efficient animal production but also for global environmental protection. This study was conducted to investigate the Effects and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) compound treatment groups “Zhuangniuling”(ZNL) 1, 2, 3, “Yufeisan”(YFS) 1, 2, 3 and TCM and Effectsive components on ruminal fermentation and methane productionPartⅠ Effectss of TCM compound on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane productionSix types of TCM compound were investigated on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production at different inclusion levels,respectively. “ZNL” 1, 2, 3 and “YFS” 1, 2, 3 of TCM compound were added to basal substrate at the levels of 0, 20, 40, 80, 160 mg, respectively. “ZNL” 1, 2, 3 at more than 80 mg inclusion levels increased gas production(GP) and TVFA significantly(p<0.05). “ZNL” 3 at 160 mg increased propionate proportion and decreased A/P significantly(p<0.05). “ZNL” 1 at all inclusion levels decreased methane production significantly(p<0.05), “ZNL” 2 at 80 mg inclusion level and “ZNL” 3 at 20, 40, 80 mg decreased methane production significantly(p<0.05). “YFS” 1, 2 at more than 80 mg inclusion level increased GP significantly(p<0.05), “YFS” 3 at 20 and 40 mg decreased GP significantly(p<0.05). “YFS” 1 had minor Effects on methane production, “YFS” 2 at 20, 40, 80 mg inclusion level and “YFS” 3 at all inclusion levels decreased methane production significantly(p<0.01); Methane production was decreased linearly by increasing level of “YFS” 3. “YFS” 1, 2, 3 at all inclusion levels increased TVFA significantly(p<0.05). “YFS” 1, 2, 3 at more than 80 mg increased Propionate proportion significantly(p<0.05).Six types of TCM compound were investigated on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production at 80 mg. TCM compound increased GP significantly(p<0.01), except “YFS” 3. “YFS” 2, 3 at 80 mg decreased methane production significantly(p<0.01), by 6.93% and 17.79%, respectively. “ZNL” 1, 2, 3 and“YFS” 1 can decreased methane production, but non-significantly(p>0.05). TCM compound can increased TVFA, but non-significantly(p > 0.05). TCM compound increased propionate proportion significantly(p<0.05). TCM compound decreased A/P significantly(p<0.05), except “ZNL” 3.There study shows that the “YFS” 3 is the most significant in decreasing methane production, and improving pattern of ruminal fermentation.PartⅡ Effects of TCM on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane productionFourteen types of TCM(Gypsum Fibrosunm(GF), Cortex Phellodendri(CP), Hawthorn(HM), Rhizoma Atractylodis(RA) and so on) were investigated on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production at 40 mg inclusion levels. GF decreased GP significantly(p<0.01), CP and PR decreased GP significantly(p<0.05), AS increased GP significantly(p < 0.01). GF and CP at 40 mg decreased methane production significantly(p<0.01). PR, HM, RA, AM at 40 mg decreased methane production significantly(p<0.05). PR, AM, AS, SF increased TVFA significantly(p<0.01). CP, HM, RA, PC, AY, AS decreased acelate proportion and A/P significantly(p<0.05). all of TCM increased propionate proportion significantly(p<0.05), except GF.Four types of TCM were investigated on in vitro methane production at different inclusion levels. GF, CP, HM, RA were added to basal substrate at the levels of 0, 10, 25, 45, 70 mg, respectively. GF at all inclusion levels decreased gas and methane production significantly(p<0.01), and methane production was decreased linearly by increasing inclusion level of GF; CP and HM at 45 mg decreased gas and methane production significantly(p<0.01), RA at 70 mg increased GP significantly(p<0.01). GF at 10 mg increased TVFA, but more than 45 mg decreased TVFA significantly(p<0.01). CP, HM, RA increased TVFA significantly(p<0.01). GF(more than 25 mg), CP(25 mg) and AR(70 mg) decreased acelate proportion significantly(p<0.01), CP and HM at 45 mg decreased acelate proportion significantly(p<0.05). CP(25, 45 mg), HM(45 mg), AR(more than 45 mg) increased propionate proportion and decreased A/P significantly(p<0.01).There study shows that GF is the most significant in decreasing methane production and CP, HM secondly. GF, CP(45 mg), HM(45 mg) can improve pattern of ruminal fermentation, but ruminal fermentation may be inhibited with GF at high dose.PartⅢ Effects of TCM combination on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane productionThis study was carried out to investigate the effectss of mixtures of CP and HM on ruminal fermentation and methane production using an in vitro gas production technique. Mixtures of TCM were added to basal substrate at a level of 40 mg,with CP and HM ratios at 0: 0, 0: 100, 20: 80, 40: 60, 50: 50, 60: 40, 80: 20, 100: 0. A non-supplemented substrate was employed as control. Gas and methane formation were significantly depressed by any mixture of TCM(p<0.01), except HM alone had minor effects; CP: HM at 60:40 is the most significant decreased methane production, by 19.75%. HM alone increased TVFA significantly(p<0.05). all mixture of TCM increased propionate proportion significantly(p<0.05). There study shows that CP: HM at 60:40 is the most significant in decreasing methane production, and improving pattern of ruminal fermentation.This study was carried out to investigate the effectss of mixtures of GF and CP + HM on ruminal fermentation and methane production using an in vitro gas production technique. Mixtures of TCM were added to basal substrate at a level of 70 mg, with GF and CP+HM ratios at 0: 0, 0: 100, 20: 80, 40: 60, 50: 50, 60: 40, 80: 20, 100: 0. A non-supplemented substrate was employed as control. Gas and methane formation were significantly depressed by any mixture of TCM(p<0.01); Gas and methane production was decreased linearly by increasing level of GF. Ratios of GF and CP + HM at 100: 0 and 20: 80 decreased acelate proportion significantly(p<0.05). all mixture of TCM increased propionate proportion, and decreased A/P significantly(p<0.05). There study shows that GF is the most significant in decreasing methane production, but ruminal fermentation will be inhibited with GF at high dose.PartⅣ Effects of effectsive components in TCM on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane productionThis study was carried out to investigate the effectss of type and level of effectsive components in TCM on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production using an in vitro gas production technique. Five types of effectsive components in TCM, Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate(CSD), Berberine(BBR), Obakulactone(OUT), Ursolic Acid(UOA) and Vitexin(VEN), were added at inclusion levels of 0, 5, 15, 25 mg, respectively. OUT, UOA and VEN had minor effects on gas and methane production; CSD at more than 15 mg inclusion level and BBR at all inclusion levels decreased gas and methane production significantly(p<0.01); Gas and methane production was decreased linearly by increasing level of BBR. BBR at more than 15 mg decreased TVFA significantly(p<0.01). CSD at 5 mg increased TVFA significantly(p<0.05). BBR(5 mg) and CSD(more than 15 mg) decreased acelate proportion and A/P, and increased propionate proportion significantly(p<0.01 or p<0.05). OUT at 5 mg increased Propionate proportion, and decreased A/P significantly(p<0.05). There study shows that BBR is the most significant in decreasing methane production, and CSD secondly, BBR(5 mg), CSD(more than 15 mg) improving pattern of ruminal fermentation.In summary, “YFS” 3, GF(more than 10mg), CP(45mg), HM(45mg) and BBR decreased methane production significantly. This study shows that “YFS” 3 of TCM compound decreased methane production significantly. The reason is that it’s containing GF, CP and its effectsive components CSD and BBR had a significant role in decreasing methane production. |
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