The Research On The Natural Population Structure Of Neolithic Age And The Process Of Social Complexity In Shaanxi Province

In this paper, the number of human bones identifying scientifically unearthed in ShaanxiProvince, more than20in10cases for the study of Neolithic graveyard. Including the WhiteHouse Ruins of Peiligang era, Heng Zhen cemetery, North Ridge site, Longgang Temple ruins,Jiangzhai cemetery etc8cemeteries of Yangshao period, and the Xinhua sites of Longshan era.By starting from the statistics and analysis of natural population structure, burial system,burial specifications, number and type of funerary objects in different development periods,combined with the ancient geographical environment and climate change in different period.Ultimately explore the relationship among the population, environment, society of theNeolithic Shaanxi Province.Statistical analysis of the article information indicates that Shaanxi Province Neolithicsex and gender composition broadly in line with Neolithic tombs adult sex and agecomposition of the population, showing a high sex ratio phenomenon. In the age structure, themale population of middle age and prime accounts for the largest proportion, youth and primewomen of the female population accounts for the largest proportion. In addition, the burialcustom, burial form and tombs direction of the Neolithic tombs in Shaanxi province, showinga variety of forms. But still in the tomb, what mainly is to the west or northwest direction ofthe back straight single burial. Joint tomb relies mainly on people buried and straight buried.From the quantitative point of view funerary objects, the per capita number of funeraryobjects is usually women than men, and the per capita number of funerary objects ofadolescence, prime of life and middle age is than childhood and old age much. In thedistribution of the number of funerary objects hieraachy (mainly refers to the Yangshaoperiod), the higher the level number of funerary objects, the fewer the number of tombs.Judging from the type of funerary objects, male and female gender funerary objects per capitais relatively banlanced in live appliance categories, the per capita number of men is more thanwomen in production tools, and the per capita number of women is greatly more than men inornament. Burial area for statistical analysis shows that the per capita tombs area of male ismore female. All ages, the per capita area of old age grave is maximun, childhood is minimum. In the58single secondary burial tombs, more males than females and mainlyconcentrated in the prime of life and middle age groups. Moreover, the burial specification ofthe single secondary burial tomb is less than a single tomb burial.To sum up, Shaanxi Province Neolithic cultures between different stages of developmentwith inheritance, but also has cultural diversity and imbalances. Because of the constraintsaffecting productivity levels and natural environmental changes affected, Shaanxi ProvincialNeolithic population size of the different development periods have significant changes, andstarting from the Peiligang era, there had been a clear gender division of labor and socialinequality phenomenon (among different cemetery, among different tombs in a cemetery,among different ages in a cemetery), especially the Yangshao era. Moreover, socialmorphology of the internal organization of a large clan with the gradual differentiation tosmall families, so that the generation of the final class.