The Research Of Buddhist Temple Become Zisun And Patriarchal Clan System In Ming And Qing Dynasties

In Ming and Qing Dynasties,the development of Buddhist temple system shows a trend from shifang to zisun. And for temples,this trend also means the inclination to build patriarchal clan system. Then, monks in temples form clan, which consists of lineage branches and contracted by the religious clan.New feature emerge in the management and development of temples which result form the form of religious clan.Clan relatives, lineage branches and the system of zhao(the left hand position in the ancestral temple)and mu(the right hand position) form the new structure of monks organization. For the failure of traditional monastic rules and the disorder of management, the main purpose of temple transfer from practice of Buddhism to commercialism. Corruption scandals has become common in Buddhism, which result in the temples become the land of dirt. Meanwhile, the liquid, dynamic Buddhism in Song and Yuan Dynasties turns into insular, undynamic Buddhism which is organized by temples,and this followed by the lack of communication and innovation. All these problems directly cause the declination of Buddhism in late Ming Dynasty. Having considered all these problems, Hanshan Deqing carry out far-reaching reforms in his hometown, Caoxi.Some modern reformers inherit and carry forward Hanshan Deqings’ theories.In order to probe into the causes of the declination of Buddhist in Ming and Qing Dynasties,this paper will focus on several important temples in Ming and Qing Dynasties and take the reform by Hanshan Deqing for instance,so as to provide practical significance with modern Buddhist reformation.