Research On Shaping And Evolvement The Forms And Rules Of Short Ci-poetry In The Late Tang And The Five Dynasties

The Late Tang and Five dynasty was an important period for the development of the short ci-poetry(令词)During this period, some of the short ci-poetries had its distinctive fixed form but others stayed in a relatively free process of changing. Researching about the forms and rules of short ci-poetry and reviewing their evolvement rules at this specified period of time will make a significant contribution to the research of ci-poetries’rules and forms.The first part, which has two chapters aims to analyze the characteristics of shaping the forms and rules of short ci-poetry in the Late Tang and Five dynasty. The first chapter summarizes the feature that the law of level and oblique tones(平仄声律)of short ci-poetry in the Late Tang and Five dynasty which inherited from the rules of modern-style poetry(近体诗)during the Tang Dynasty, but slightly wider than it, mainly through analyzing the law of level and oblique tones of short ci-poetry in each fixed form of simple sentences and complex sentences. Besides, the law of level and oblique tones of short ci-poetry in the Late Tang and Five dynasty had established the foundation of the law of level and oblique tones of Song poetry. The second chapter concludes that the rhyme scheme(韵式)of short ci-poetry in the Late Tang and Five dynasty has the characteristics of rich types, high density of rhyme using and great frequency of rhyme changing, primarily by analyzing each fixed form of short ci-poetry and the rhyme scheme of common variants. These characteristics are reasonable references for distinguishing modern-style poetry and Song poetry.The part two of this paper discusses the evolvement of the forms and rules of short ci-poetry, separated into two chapters, the third and the forth. The third chapter principally represents the origin and major ways of evolvement for the forms and rules of short ci-poetry in the Late Tang and Five dynasty. The law of level and oblique tones for shaping the forms and rules of short ci-poetry mainly inherited from the rules of modern style poetry in the Tang Dynasty; however, the sentence pattern and rhyme scheme for shaping the short ci-poetry were evolved from yuefu poetry(乐府)in the Tang Dynasty. Adding sentences, adding and subtracting words, minus and deviding sentences, changing the rhyme scheme and increasing pieces were adopted as methods during the evolvement. The forth chapter lists two typical poetries in the Late Tang and Five dynasty,’Song of the South’ and ’Song of Jiuquan’, from the perspective of diachronic and synchronic evolvement. The evolvement history of these two poetries illustrates vividly the features of evolvement and shaping of short ci-poetry in the Late Tang and Five dynasty.