Study On Peiping Local Autonomy In The Period Of Republic Of China(1928-1937)

According to the policy of Nanjing National Government, and the local situation of Peiping in 1929, Peiping carried out the local self-government movement. It was lasted for eight years until 1937. As this research object, this article attempts to restore the outline and framework of Peiping’s local self-government, and tries to discuss some important problems by analyzing the historical materials.Firstly, local autonomy was close tied to the urban construction, along with the development of autonomy, Peiping gradually explored a new way of city management. It boosted to the development of the public health, education, public security and the development of municipal public utilities. Public health is close linked to the people‘s daily lives in Peiping. At the early time of the local autonomy, the government delegated the authority of public health to the district, street office, tried to combine it with the local autonomy. Secondly, local autonomy had a close relationship to the development of education. Good education can improve the people’s knowledge level. It was significant meaning to understanding the democracy and local autonomy. In addition, Peiping local autonomy also required a good public security environment. The Peiping political situation is turbulent in 1928 to1937. Facing this kind of situation, the government has issued a series of policies for autonomous work.Along with the changing of political environment, Peiping local autonomy had three development stages which were divided into creation, promoting and improvement. Every stage had its own focus. The propaganda and talent of the autonomy work became regularized. It made a detailed planning in personnel assessment, selection, training and rewards and punishments, but the result is in general. Fund was the key factor in restricting autonomous. Therefore, Peiping set up a new mode of autonomous funds safeguard in this process. Practice has proved that the new model has basically reached the expected effect. However, the autonomous institutions had some friction with other functional departments, etc. It reflects the defects of autonomous design. Although the Peiping government claimed that the autonomy aimed at both urban and county, it paid more attention to the urban construction obviously.Through summarizing the course of Peiping’s local autonomy and analyzing its experience and lessons, it is still meaningful for today’s democratic construction.