A Study Of Pronunciation Rules Of Chinese Loanwords In Hmong

In recent years, with MiaoWen’s creation, there are amounts of articles which are about the researches of MiaoWen’s arising.Researchers from different areas studied different Miao dialects from pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar or form the perspective of language contact, letting more people understand the MiaoWen’s status and its ethnic characteristics. However, there are little articles referring to the pronunciation rules of Chinese loanwords in hmong, this paper will take Benzhai village, Jiaozishan county, Xixiu district of Anshun City as the describing sample village. After investigating and describing the Han and Miao’s phonetic system, the author discusses the walled village of Miao ethnic Chinese loanwords pronunciation rules through three aspects on the initials, finals and tones. Through investigation and study, in the initials, when ?、?‘、?、?、?、?‘、 、?、 、 ‘、 、? 、? ‘、 、??、??‘、?、 borrowing from the Benzhai village are used by Miao, can find the same vowel in the Miao language, as for ?、?‘、?、?、?、?‘、 、?、 、 ‘、 、? 、? ‘、 、??、??‘、?、 ?while the zero initial of Benzhai? han language corresponding to the hmong’s “ ”and “ ”initials; on the finals, when the words’ rhymes in han language of Benzhai village are 、?、 、 、?、?、 、? 、 、??、??、? 、? 、 ?、 ??(except “ ??”independent syllable)、?? 、? 、? 、(except “ ”independent syllable)、? 、 、 、? 、??、???、???using in hmong, can find the same vowel counterpart in hmong. It is that all this finals were not changed basically after borrowing. But the words’ rhymes for 、 、 ?、 ??、 ??、 ???in Han language borrowed to the hmong, will correspond to the 、 、?、??、??、????finals in Miao. On the tones, the pronunciation for high-level and rising tone in Miao language of Benzhai corresponding to Han language, and the tone’s pitch is the same with Han, therefore,when the words are high-level(tone pitch is 55) and rising tone(tone pitch is 31) borrowing by Miao language, also reading as high-level tone and rising tone, tone’s value are not change. when the words pronunciation are rising tone in Han language(tone’s value is 42),using by the hmong, the tone will change into Yin raised of Miao, tone’s value is 53; when the words’ pronunciation are falling tone(tone’s value is 24) in Han using by hmong,the tone will changing into Yang falling tone, tone’s value is 33, but not the Yin falling tone(tone’s value is 35); The ancient Chinese loanwords of all muddy initial tones and the rusheng tone in Miao are also consistent with the local Chinese, ancient all muddy initials has become a falling tone, and the words of rusheng are classified as rising tone bascially, therefore, it can be seen that words of Chinese in Benzhai enter into Miao language has completed at turbidity and Chinese ancient rusheng classified into rising tone. If we know the hmong Chinese loanwords’ pronunciation rules on initials, finals, tones, we can master the pronunciation rules of hmong Chinese loanwords basically.