Research On The Happiness Level And Its Influential Factors Of Surrounding Residents In Lead-zinc Mining Region

[Purpose]Through research on the Subjective Well-Being(SWB) level and its influential factors of lead-zinc mining region surrounding residents, this paper further explores the surrounding residents Subjective Well-Being(SWB) level and its influential factors in order to offer the government feasible measures of improving the well-being of the surrounding residents.[Method]According to the survey needs, Tongdian, Lanping, Yunnan Province, which is a lead- zinc mining region, and lead- zinc mining is the main pillar of economy in this town, has been adopted as the survey region. People aged 18 to 65 in this region were extracted as survey objects. The survey group are divided into occupational group and non-occupational group. Occupational groups are defined as the in-service staff in mining area(including those retired or former employees who worked in related occupations), living and working in the region one year and more; Non-occupational groups are defined as non-working people living in the same region. The method to test and evaluate the demographic characteristics and subjective well-being of subjects is cross-sectional survey. The strain of this research is happiness level, the object happiness level was measured by “Overall Happiness Scale”, which is developed by the US National Center, and has been continuously revised. This research adopted one of revision. The explanatory variables of this research are sex, age, ethnicity, education level, marital status, income, basic occupational health service and its usage etc., which are listed in “General questionnaire”. The questionnaire of this research have been double entry checked by Epi Data, The data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS 19.0, the main statistical methods are t test, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression.[Results]1.General Information(1) Recall questionnaire: We issued a total of 431 copies of the questionnaire, with effective recovery of 428 questionnaires, 420 valid questionnaires, the recovery rate and the effective rate was 99.3% and 97.5%.(2) The reliability and validity of the questionnaire: the reliability of this research was evaluated by Cronbach scale. The correlation coefficient SWB score and total score in all regions is between 0.445 to 0.620. The Cronbach coefficient is 0.822(> 0.7). the construct validity is evaluated by factor analysis, the KMO value from factor analysis is 0.805. Bartlett’s test of sphericity : χ2= 2796.038, P<0.05. Bartlett’s test of sphericity has Statistical significance(P<0.05)it indicates that Various indicators are not independent, but relevant.(3) Socio-demographic characteristics of objects: Occupational groups are Bai nationality(78.6%), married(80.4%), junior middle school education(52.5%), household income(average per month) 1000 yuan and above as the majority(52.9%); Non-professional groups are Bai nationality( 87.1%), married(96.4%),Primary school and below(76.4%),household income(average per month) 500 yuan and below as the majority。 2. Features of objects’ SWB in the research:(1) Research objects(occupational group and non-occupational group). male happiness score was 71.31±13.67. female happiness score was: 69.89±14.53. Compared with the norm, male scores have statistically significant(P<0.05),male scores are below norm.(2) Professional male occupations happiness score was 70.59±14.21. Professional female occupations happiness score was: 66.13±16.33. Compared with the norm, both have statistically significant(P<0.05), and both scores are below norm.(3)Non-professional male population well-being score was: 74.47±10.54. Non-professional female population well-being score was 73.17±11.89, compared with the norm, difference was not significant(P> 0.05) 3.The SWB scores comparison between groups of different demographic characteristics: (1) Differences between groups(occupational and non-occupational) of different ages, ethnicity, income have statistically significance(P<0.05). It is be demonstrated as below: the difference between ethnics is that well-being score of Bai ethnic is higher, while the score of Pumi ethnic is lower; the difference between different income: well-being score of low income have a higher score, while the score of high income is low.(2)Differences between occupational groups of different gender, ethnicity, age, length of service, occupational health service level have statistically significance(P<0.05). It is be demonstrated as below: well-being score of male is higher than female’s; the difference between ethnics is that well-being score of Bai ethnic is higher, while the score of Pumi ethnic is lower; the difference between ages is that the score of objects aged 30-39 is higher, the one of the aged of 29 and below is lower; the difference between seniorities is that the score of objects who have a more than 10 years seniority is higher, while the score of objects who have a less than 5 years seniority is lower; the difference between occupational health services is that the score of objects who have a good health services is higher, while the score of objects who have a bad health services is lower.(3)Age differences between non-occupational groups have statistical significance(P <0.05). It is be demonstrated as below: the score of objects aged 50 and above is higher, the one of the aged of 30-39 is lower. 4. Influential factors of SWB total score:(1)Influential factors of scores of the population(occupational and non-occupational) are: age, sex, marital status, education and income. The higher education level and the older the survey subjects have and are, the more SWB scores they have. Male’s scores are higher than female’s. Happiness scores of unmarried and other situation are higher than married group. SWB score of group with lower incomes are higher than those with higher incomes.(2)Influential factors of scores of the occupational population are: age, sex, marital status, length of service and occupational health service. The longer the length of service is, the higher level of occupational health service they have, the higher SWB scores they have;Male’s score are higher than female’s; SWB scores of the unmarried are higher than the married.(3)Influential factors of scores of the non- occupational groups are: age, marital status and income. [conclution] 1.The level of happines in the mining area group is lower than the norm, and the occupational group,s score of happines is significantly lower than the non occupational group. 2. The SWB scores of the objects(including occupational and non-occupational) have been influenced by age, gender, marital status, education and income. The biggest influential factor is income, the smallest one is culture. The SWB scores of occupational group have been influenced by gender, marital status, length of service and occupational health service. The biggest influential factor is the length of service, the smallest one is sex. The SWB scores of occupational group have been influenced by age, marital status and income. The biggest influential factor is income, the smallest one is marriage.