Etiquette And Custom—Related Studies On The Tombs Of Wuyue Regime China, 896-978

The kingdom of Wuyue(吴越)China,described in this article, denote the regime from 896(乾宁三年)when Qianliu(�'�镠)had eliminated Dongchang(董昌)and occupied both the east and west Zhejiang to 978(太平兴国三年)when Qianhongchu(�'�弘俶)unified his kingdom to the empire of song. On the basis of distribution, type and grade of tombs even about ancient literature,we try to know what factors lead to the formation of the tombs that had a tradition of tang dynasty,was influenced by central dynasty and show the unique appearance.Qiankuan(�'�宽)couple’s tomb and Lin(临)M22 are the Zuling(祖陵)of Wuyue,the graves of the ancestors.Other tombs are divided into four levels. The 1st level is king and the queen’s grave,such as Wenmu’s(文穆王墓),Ma’s(马氏康陵)and the grave of Qizishan(七子山).The 2nd level is the prince’s or princess’grave,such as Puguang’s(普光大师墓)and Wuhanyue’s(吴汉月墓).The 3rd level is the graves of government officials,such as Lin M21,Hang(杭)M32 and Qingke(�'柯)M1,M2.The last level is the graves of civilians,such as Shangtuo(上驮)M23 and Yueqing(乐清)M1-3.Etiquette was difference in level. There were five king through three generations in Wuyue. The mausoleum of they and their fathers most have been destroyed, buildings above the burial tombs has been difficult to infer their original appearance. However, because of the underground chamber after excavation, so we can know their situation. Compared with the tang dynasty imperial mausoleum, the tombs of Wuyue show the uniqueness in some areas, as the presence of similarities. Represented by Qiankuan couple’s tomb, most scholars agree that the tomb like a boat has obvious characteristics and tradition of the Yangtze river downstream. And, this kind of tomb in the kingdom of Wuyue further popular in officer’s tomb, has continued to the northern song dynasty.Confucianism had wide influence on Chinese ancient society. As remaining traditional funeral customs, tombs should meet the etiquette and law. In the downstream of Yangtze river, Culture shows its uniqueness which experienced the changes from Wxi(吴) Yue(越) to the song dynasty. Wuyue which located in the Yangtze river downstream occupies an important place in the development of Chinese civilization. Burial which received the influence from the folk custom shows regional characteristics. As receiving the influence from the culture of the central plains, the etiquette and law had concentratedly expression in the graves of Wuyue.As a result, the Etiquette, Law, and Customs worked together to form the features of the tombs of Wuyue.