The Research On The Traditional Craft And Protection Method Of Qin Terracotta

Qin Shihuang Terra-Cotta Warriors is one of the most representational culture relics in China.It has the high historical value,artistic value and scientific value.Because almost all of the pigment layers had been damaged badly,the protection of it is the big problem in the whole world.As one part of the National Basic Research 973 Program,the basic research of the polychrome terracotta protection is the science program that must be solved. This paper is belong to the program.Many samples are needed in the research,but the fragments of the real terracotta are so precious that they can’t be used for the experiments.For making the samples closed to the reality fragments,the research on traditional craft is one of the main parts in this program. On the basis of known information,including any materials of terracotta, lacquer layers and pigments layers.The appropriate formula of lacquer layer and the painting method of it are chosen by comparing the glossiness,the flatness,the time of drying and the thickness of different kinds of lacquer layers.The appropriate formula of pigment layer and the painting method of it are chosen by comparing the beauty,the bonding strength and the thickness of different kinds of pigment layers.The thickness standard is the data of the real Qin terracotta.The appropriate pottery is chosen by comparing the physical properties with the real fragments.For the lacquer,the result, that the lacquer mixes with 4% pig blood and is paint on the pottery by the brush, is proved as the most appropriate one.For the pigment,the result,that the ratio of gelatin to water is 1:32 and the ratio of albumen to water is 1:2,and both of them should painted by brush after mixing with the pigments in mortar,is proved as the most appropriate one. The flaking process caused by humidity decrease of the lacquer film reappears after aging test in the lab.Because the protection method should be optimized,the bonding methods are discussed in this paper.Many conditions that will influence the bonding results are discussed in this paper,including the effect that PEG200 has on the pottery,the effect that PEG200 has on the lacquer film,the effect of different bonding methods,the bonding strength of different adhesives and the effect that different adhesives have on the pottery.The result is that the less PEG200 in the pottery,the bonding strength is higher.And the lacquer film dipping in lower PEG200 concentration can be sticked well.The better adhesives have been chosen in this paper.All of the results can be the good suggestions for the future protection work.