The Research On Sartre’ S View Of Freedom And Its Marxism Criticism

Almost the entire thinker including Marxist agreed that freedom is human nature, in the modern enlightenment; Rousseau advocated that freedom only can be restricted by itself. Whether freedom is restricted and how freedom is restricted is a paradoxical problem which is bothering people. Jean-Paul Sartre, as a famous representative of the modern western Marxist Philosophy, produced his freedom thought when he was in answer to the question.The philosophy of Sartre is known for individual’s absolute freedom, to study it could take a variety of angles and methods. The paper is based on the combination of the existential ontology philosophy and the liberalism ethics and it takes the study of the individual’s absolute freedom as the main line, to strive to grasp the basic connotation of the freedom ethics of Sartre. As for the above-mentioned arrangement and design of the paper, it is mainly including the following aspects. First of all, “freedom” and “subject" are the connected core categories of the philosophy of Sartre, Individual freedom of the subject is the central theme of the research, only by starting from the fundamental point, can truly grasp the key of existential ethics thought of Sartre. Secondly, Sartre put the freedom in the basic structure of people’s existence; its fundamental purpose is to adhere to the presence of people who is in the face of the world and surely the supreme status of consciousness. The objective world is the physical environment of people who live together with each other, the realization of the subject freedom inevitably encounter "others". Only people that faced the threat of objectification by others coordinate the relationship between two equal subjects, can they achieve the individual’s absolute freedom. Thirdly, Sartre regarded others as the limitation of individual absolute freedom, but he admitted the necessity of society which restricts the realization of freedom, people are social and society belongs to people. By living together, people formed the social relations of production and from the loose cluster state to system group. Every member practices the individual freedom in the society.Sartre is the person who is cited most frequently and is known the least. Many of his ideas and opinions are one-side and we couldn’t find a authoritative society which adapt to it in the real world. As for a figure that has become history but still has the important influence in the modern world, we could stand on the position of Marxism to criticize and inherit the philosophy of Sartre, in order to recognize the world, grasp the pulse of the Times and clear the historical mission.