The Differences Of “Tongguo、Jingguo、Jingli” In Teaching Chinese As A Second Language

The research on the synonym has been the focus of the study of Chinese ontology research. The understanding and application of near-synonyms also always is a difficulty for overseas students. Based on the investigation to the HSK dynamic composition corpus and the corpus of Jinan University, I found that oversea students often mixed this group of Chinese vocabulary “tongguo、jingguo、jingli”. Thus, in order to help oversea students master these three words and improve the efficiency of teaching Chinese, I makes an systematic study of these three words. This paper mainly discusses from the following aspects:Fistly, this paper introduct the significance of the selected topic and summarize the research status. Research reviewed including synonym in Chinese ontology, foreign Chinese in these three words.Secondly, base on the findings of previous studies, the paper discriminate the differences of “Tongguo、Jingguo,、Jingli” in semantic and grammar fields. The paper pay close attention to their differences.When “tongguo”“jingguo” are the verbs, the semantic features of the locative object are different. The former present the “spatial penetration”,and the latter showing“non-spatial penetration”.When they are used as prepositions, their objects are not the same, the former are mostly “ways” and “means”, the latter emphasis “process”. As for “jingli” and“jingguo”these two words,the former emphasis on the “personally experience”, and the “jingguo” focus on the development of thing. Because of their semantic emphasis is not the same,the category of the object is not the same.Thirdly, this paper,with the methods of analysis, studies the types of errors and the causes of error.The author finds out that there are basically four causes for these errors, which including the translations in English, the diaspora of mother language,the same morphere and the intersection of meamings.Lastly, the paper putting forward main strategies to solve the problems, hope to reduce the bias and mistakes of overseas students and improve the efficiency of teaching Chinese.