Development And Progress Of The Negative Adverbs System In Wei And Han Six Dynasties

The thesis mainly studies the negative adverbs system in Wei and Han six dynasties. By thoroughly investigation of representative documents in Wei and Han six dynasties,17 monosyllable negative adverbs are found out and divided into the negative adverbs of "Bang" (帮) initial, the negative adverbs of "Pang" (滂) initial, and the negative adverbs of "Ming" (明) initial based on their different initials. Secondly, the usage and development tendency of these 17 negative adverbs are discussed one by one. The result is that the negative adverbs system in Wei and Han six dynasties is strengthened and simplified, that is, the number of monosyllable negative adverbs reduced from 17 to 6 with the passage of time. In addition, the functions of these 6 negative adverbs had been readjusted. These changes mentioned above meet the requirement of the negative adverbs development and promote the development of systematicness in return.Meanwhile, the roles of pronunciation played in development of the negative adverbs system are discussed, as well as grammar description and semantic analysis. The discussion suggests that "Fu" (弗) disappeared finally because of no difference between "Fu" (甫) and "Bu" (不) in later period of Wei and Han six dynasties. So did the examples of "Wu" (无) and "Wu" (毋) due to the need of "Ru" (入) tone for expostulated negative adverbs. It is also noted that noun phrase "wuyou" (无有) derived from the verb phrase "wuyou" (无有), laid the foundations for the emergence of"Meiyou" (没有)by reason of the same spoken pronunciation in Wei and Han six dynasties.What’s more,as the appearance and widespread use of "weishi"(未是)and "Feishi" (非是),"Bushi"(不是)emerged in Wei and Han six dynasties and replaced "Fei"(非)afterwards.Interestingly,the extensive use of expostulated negative adverb "Mo"(莫)in Northern and Southern dynasties resulted in the intensive competition among "M6"(莫),"Wu"(勿),"Bushi"(不是),and "Fei(非)in the new historic periods.Accordingly,the system of negative adverbs becomes simplifier and more complete.