| Due to the special cultural connotation and aesthetic feature, people usually believe that martial arts novels are from The Records of History: Knight-errant Biography by Si Maqian. While after analyzing books and materials, it can be known that as a whole concept, the word martial-arts appeared in Japan in 1902, which year Japanese author Oshikawa Shunro published Chivalrous Japan, becoming the beginning of martial arts novel. Therefore, martial-arts is a modern concept.This article mainly examines the connotation of knight errant in ancient China and martial arts in modern Japan, and at these times, the development of these concepts and the appearance of related literary genre afterwards. This article has seven parts.Introduction part examines the period that the discovery of the vague concept martial-arts, and it also introduces the basic methodologies and questions of this article.The first part examines the scholarship history of the connotation in the beginning period of knight-errant and martial-arts. It summarizes studying about the beginning and connotation of knight-errant, knight-errant’s biography in both The Records of History and The History of Han, as well as martial-arts in about thirty years to make it logic and find out the gap.The second part mainly examines the connotation of knight-errant in Han Dynastysummarizing the texts about knight-errant in The Records of History: Knight-errant Biography, The History of Han: Knight-errant Biography and The History after Han: Duxing Biography.According to these analyses, this part summarizes the connotation of knight-errant in its beginning period. It also compares the differences among these three books to find out the development fromthe top to the end in knight-errant’s history. Meanwhile, this part also examines the appearance and the connotation of chivalrous poem as well as the embryo of chivalrous novel in the end of Han,summarizing the logic development from history to literature about knight-errant.The third part examines the Renaissance period about chivalrous spirit in late Qing, giving the historical and social background, reasons, development and connotation of the appearance of martial-arts in China and the beginning of martial-arts novels.The fourth part examines the connotation of martial-arts, in the view of history examining the period that from the appearance of martial-arts in Japan to the appearance in China and then to the appearance of martial-arts novel in China. It also specifically analyzes bookings Bushido in China,Warship Undersea and Chivalrous Japan, summarizing the connotation of marital-arts at that time.In addition, this part also compares the difference of Oshikawa Shunro‘s and Liang Qichao’s martial-arts.The fifth part mainly examines the connotation of knight-errant and martial-arts in their beginning period to summarize their similarities and differences. This is the end of this article. So the part mainly compares the relationship between knight-errant, marital-arts and the nation, the action model of knight-errant and martial-arts, the spiritual connotation of knight-errant and martial-arts and their relationship with Kung Fu. This part also provides answers about how marital-arts inherited and absorbed knight-errant, bushido in Japan and the concept martial-arts in Japan; it also provides answers what are the features of martial-arts.The last is the conclusion part.The aim of this article is to compare the connotation of knight-errant in Han’s history and martial-arts in China’s beginning period. It takes these two time and then examines the development in these periods and then the appearance of their related literary genre. After summary,this article also compares these two concept- knight-errant and martial-arts. This article expand the study on martial-arts to Japan, which in the past is limited in China. This article also makes a comparative study about different modern background, especially the background and cultural features between China and Japan. Therefore, it is in the view of the whole history of East Asian literature and culture to examine the concept- martial-arts, and it is a reexamination of the connotation of knight-errant and martial-arts, which thus has important theoretical meanings. |
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