The Qing Local Self-movement Dissertation

Local self-government by the inhabitants of a certain area within the regionautonomous handling of public affairs, namely: the local people, the places with the moneyto do the things in this place. Local self-government is the core spirit of direct democracyand indirect democracy combined to achieve the form of decentralization-decentralizationof society and the state, local and central decentralization. It ensures that the rights ofcitizens full freedom, to enable citizens to participate in certain public spirit and social lifeat stake, the management of social organization and decision-making. In the longitudinaldirection, the State decentralization, the country has waived or reduced for social control,intervention, there are countries in order to facilitate centralized processing of their fairshare of things forces to improve their management effectiveness; laterally, enhance socialautonomy, enhance citizens’ political literacy and political capacity, thus contributing to thestate and society, the central and local interaction is to achieve national democracy.Opium War, China began some wise men eyes to see the world, including localself-government, including the Western democratic political system was introduced intoChina. Sino-Japanese defeat in Japan, the local self-government system as a "powersalvation," the only way a growing cause of concern all sectors of society, to prepare theconstitutional period and finally formed a massive public opinion, of that era had aprofound broad affected. Meanwhile, in the suppression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdomduring the Qing court, local governors forces grow, the rise of localism challengecentralization; With a traditional agricultural society to modern chemical industry socialtransformation, emerging social classes-"businessmen" rise, they in a way representativeof the progressive forces in civil society, and the state power to compete; Qing regimecoupled with some of the internal liberal regime officials for the purpose of saving thetrend of the times, thus the rise of a vigorous local self-government movement.Late local autonomy movement, depends on the time of advanced intellectuals toprovide theoretical guidance and the consequent improvement of the formation of publicopinion. Early local self-government ideology to Feng was, Cheng Kuan-ying et aldiscourse is represented mainly in rural Dong achieve autonomy, the establishment and implementation of the local parliament elections three aspects of local officials. To theperiod of the Hundred Days Reform, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and Yan Fu as therepresentative of reformers, not only to put forward their own local government programs,but put into practice, and actively carry out activities Reformation Movement, reflectingthe demands of the times.Late local autonomy movement, in1908before the spontaneous initiatives undertakenmainly by businessmen or by the official supervision of the pilot; later in1909, the Qinggovernment as a preparatory constitutional basis to begin full implementation, and into thelegislative track, develop of the "urban village local self-constitution" and "localself-government charter county hall" and other ground-breaking significance of the LocalAutonomy Law, and the difference between urban and rural legislation, decision-makingbodies and executive bodies discrete, limiting eligibility to vote, organized by the officialregulatory autonomy become the main features of the legislation.Despite the very short end of the Qing local autonomy movement continues notfruitless, but it’s either in concept or practice or political structure, in terms of themodernization of Chinese politics are exalted useful attempt, it promotes China’s powerstructure differentiation, strengthening the Chinese constitutional basis for the development,and promote the Chinese concept of social citizenship and community initiation, played arole in the democratic enlightenment, with far-reaching historical significance of abnormal,even for today’s still worth learning from.Late practice of local self-government movement to let people see in a highlycentralized governance large space, local government system has an irreplaceable value toarrive at China as a unified nation, to establish a stable, standardized system of localautonomy both necessary conclusions feasible.