Research On Three Rural-governances In Contemporary China

Rural problems are always national issues both in traditional society and modern society. Rural-governance issue in rural problems is the most important strategic issue, for it contacts with the whole society’s transformation, thousands of Chinese villages’ develop and millions of farmers’livelihoods. Rural-governance represents the village development direction, and due to the different effect of rural-governance, the states of villages are different. How to explore the most suitable way for current rural-governance in economy rapidly developing modern society is the direct driving force for domestic and foreign scholars’ research since the nineties.This article mainly introduced three kinds of rural-governance in contemporary China:"weak respiratory" governance, "parental authority" governance, and "economic democracy" governance. Taking three representative villages as examples, then try to analysis the three rural-governances. Because of the complex relationships in rural society, the different atmosphere, and variety reasons cause current rural-governance, it’s difficult to make comprehensive analysis. For its convenience and keep the necessary logic thinking, this article chose three variables as analysis tools; they are related interests, people’s voice and human capital. Then around variables we expand the analysis.Then, this article tentatively predicted the direction of China village governance. Whether the "weak respiratory" governance or the "parental authority" governance, they both belong to the "pure political democratic self-government", namely, they participate in democratic self-government in order to complete the political task. Because of the disconnection interest between village and villagers and the ignorance to villagers’ political rights in government process, the "pure political democratic self-government" will not last long. It will run to disfavor slowly for no participating of villagers and loosing of village-elites. On the contrary, "economic democracy" governance is growing up slowly since its correlate factors’increase, and many successful examples have proved this new governance’s energy. For this, why not call on villagers to look for their new economic spin-offs, if the country and the society cannot bring more benefits to them in the short term. They can build up their own "kingdom" on the basis of village, and they also can participate in market economy actively in order to against the erosion of the market economy.Finally, this article distinguished concepts between the "economic democracy" governance and the People’s Commune System. Reviewed the problems encountered in the rural-governance, and came to the conclusion that governance problem can be solved by the transformation of governance. In the end, this article also preliminarily discussed the possible defects of the new rural-governance in the last part.