| Since China implemented the policy of reform and opening over the past thirty years, a great number of rural populations migrated to urban area with the social and economic development. These people have become the main force of the urban economic construction. It is the fact that migrant worker are the principal part to create "China miracle". According to the statistical data of Chinese Mobile Population Development Report2012, Chinese mobile population have reached to2.3billions in2011, which accounts for17%of the total population of China. Almost half of them are new generation of rural-urban Migrants who were born after1980and who nearly have no knowledge and skills on Agricultural production. It is impossible for them to return to countries to work in agriculture. Therefore, how to promote migrant workers, especially new generation of migrant workers to integrate into the city is becoming a very important problem which our country must overcome.Over the last few decades, academic circles have studied the topic of migrant workers’citizenization from the perspectives of economics, politics, demography, sociology and management and formed some theories such as stage theory, push-pull theory, assimilation theory, resource endowment theory, system exclusion and change theory. However, these theories still have some deficiencies as follows. Firstly, these theories cannot systematically answer what are the influencing factors, process, strategies and consequences of migrant workers’citizenization. Secondly, these theories cannot systematically straighten out the influencing factors of migrant workers’citizenization. Thirdly, these theories cannot answer why there is Segmentation phenomenon in the process of migrant workers’citizenization. The18th Chinese Communist Party Congress put forward the grand aim of "accelerating hukou system reform, orderly promoting rural populations’ citizenization. Under this background, the research of migrant workers" citizenizaiton has great theoretical and practical significance.The content of this paper is divided into eight modules:The first module is introduction. The main contents of this part are to straighten out the research background of migrant workers’citizenization, the research aim and significance, to explain the concepts of migrant workers, citizenization, social integration, segmentation, and to put forward the creation of this paper on the prospects of theoretical framework and research perspectives, and to briefly describe the research ideas of this paper.The second module is literature review and comments. The main contents of this part are to straighten out the main theories of migrants and migrant workers at both home and abroad. Then, this part systematically sum up the static assimilation theory, straight-line assimilation theory, bump-line assimilation theory, multicultural assimilation theory, social structure assimilation theory and segmentation assimilation theory at foreign countries, and stage theory, push-pull theory, assimilation theory, resource endowment theory, system exclusion and change theory at our country. The aim of this part is to clarify contribution, to supply theoretical framework and to propose a theoretical reason.The third module is theoretical framework and hypothesizes. The main contents of this part are to put forward the theoretical framework from the dimension of time and space. In this part, the paper points out that the migrant workers’citizenization is a process of continuing to move forward on the time dimension and continuing to divide on the space dimension. According to the theoretical framework, this paper points out the four hypothesizes of the economic income, institutional security, social capital and cultural attitudes.The fourth module is data sources and decription. The main contents of this part can be divided into two parts:firstly, this part systematically introduces the basic situation of data collection, including the design and modification of questionnaire, sample selection, field survey implementation, quality control and so on. Secondly, this part briefly analyzes the representativeness and balance of the sample so as to ensure the sample can reflect the real situation.The fifth module is the analysis of income influencing factors of migrant workers. This part uses the Mincer human capital model to analyze the income influencing factors of migrant workers. Research finds that the vocational qualification and certificate, the proficiency of Putonghua, the acquired social capital, the labor contract as well as job information can substantially improve the migrant workers income, but the educational attainment has no significantly influence on migrant workers’income. A further study finds that the educational attainment of migrant workers can significantly improve the migrant workers’ occupational prestige. This paper explains this finding from the perspective of macro economic and social structure, population structure and characteristics of migrant workers.The sixth module is the analysis of social distance between migrant workers and urban residents. This part uses factor analysis and OLS model to measure the relationship between migrant workers’ income, social capital, institutional security, cultural attitudes and the social distance between migrant workers and urban residents. Research found that migrant workers’ income, migrant workers’ positive attitude of urban culture and positive attitude of the rural culture as well as safe security, job security, protection of children, vocational skills services provided to migrant workers can effectively narrow the social distance between migrant workers and urban residents. However, the life-support systems as well as community involvement have negative impact on narrowing the social distance between migrant workers and urban residents.The seventh module is the cultural integration of migrant workers strategy and identity analysis. The main content of this part is to put forward cultural integration of two-way model and identical integration of two-way model based on the two-way model of foreign migrants’ research. In the further research, based on the OLS model, this paper analyzes the influence of migrant workers income, social capital, institutional security, cultural attitude on migrant workers identical recognition. Research found that female migrant workers and second generation migrant workers have relatively higher urban identical recognition. Secondly, the higher migrant workers’ economic income, the higher urban identical recognition will have. Thirdly, the vocational skill services provided by the government can significantly improve migrant workers’ urban identical recognition, while the life-support systems provided by the government has negative influence on migrant workers’ urban identical recognition. This paper explains this finding from the perspective that the life-support systems may reinforce the impression that migrant workers believe they belong to vulnerable groups. Fourthly, the community interaction of migrant workers can significantly improve migrant workers’ urban identical recognition. Fifthly, migrant workers’ recognition of both rural culture and urban culture can significantly improve migrant workers’ urban identical recognition. This is consistent to the cultural integration of two-way model.The eighth model is research finding and policy enlightenment. The main contents of this part are to summarize the findings of this paper, and put forward policy recommendations including increasing the vocational education of migrant workers, reinforcing ancillary services for migrant workers, increasing the legal protection of migrant workers groups, providing comprehensive basic public services for migrant workers, and promoting migrant workers’ social interaction and community interaction with the urban residents. |
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