Study On Urban Public Service And Citizenization Of Migrant Workers

Under the background of the national implementation of the people-centered new urbanization development strategy,this paper takes the urban public services as the entry point to study the impact and mechanism of the citizenization of migrant workers.First of all,on the basis of relevant theories and literature,a theoretical model of the citizenization of migrant workers including urban public services is constructed to lay a theoretical foundation for subsequent research.Secondly,the paper sorts out and summarizes the typical facts,such as the practice of migrant workers' citizenization,Since the reform and opening up,China is experiencing an unprecedented and largest population migration in the world,which not only affects the national new-type urbanization process,but also relates to the formation of a new development pattern of mutually reinforcing domestic and international cycles.In 2019,the urbanization rate of China's permanent residents exceeded 60 percent,16.22 percentage points behind that of the registered population.In 2019,the total number of migrant workers reached290.77 million,of which 135 million,accounting for 46.43 percent of the total,went to cities.At present,the country is vigorously promoting the people-centered new-type urbanization,and the citizenization of migrant workers is particularly important.In reality,there are some prominent problems in the process of migrant workers' citizenization,such as strong willingness to settle down,weak willingness to settle down,difficulty in supporting their citizenization goal and low welfare level.At the same time,due to the impact of the household registration system,migrant workers can not enjoy the same urban public services as urban local residents,which adds many challenges to the citizenization of migrant workers in China.In recent years,the central government issued "on further advice to push forward the reform of household registration system" and a series of policy document,aims to promote equal basic public services and the citizenization of migrant workers,but we also see,urban public services to migrant workers still have certain restriction,this will delay the process of urbanization of migrant workers in a certain extent,will affect the nation's overall economic and social development.urban public service supply policy,the evolution of migrant workers' demand,and the public service delivery mechanism based on the residence permit.Thirdly,based on the macro perspectives of "supply quality" and "openness" of urban public services,this paper focuses on the influence and mechanism of urban public services on migrant workers' citizenization behavior.Fourthly,based on the micro perspective of the "accessibility" of public services,the paper studies the influence and mechanism of urban public services on the citizenization ability of migrant workers.Fifth,with the improvement of migrant workers' welfare as the final foothold,the paper studies the impact of urban public service delivery mechanism for migrant workers on the level of migrant workers' welfare.Finally,based on the above research,the main conclusions and relevant policy recommendations are put forward.Through the research,this paper draws the following conclusions:First,it is found that the citizenization of farmers in China is at an overall stage of promotion.The state has basically completed the top-level design for citizenization,fully implemented the residence permit system,further improved the mechanism for providing basic public services,and accelerated the formation of a supporting policy system for citizenization.But there are still some problems,such as relatively slow system reform and imperfect mechanism construction,slow process of citizenization and low quality,and some new problems.Furthermore,the policy of citizenization of migrant workers tends to be market-oriented,precise and humanized,and the policy and system design starts to move towards the deep-water area,such as the reform of household registration system,residence permit system and supporting policies related to citizenization.At present,the lack of urban public services for migrant workers is being improved,and the comprehensive implementation of the residence permit system,especially the establishment of the public service provision mechanism with residence permits as the carrier,provides a good policy environment and a starting point for the process of migrant workers' citizenization.Second,the research finds that the quality of urban public service supply has a significant positive impact on migrant workers' settlement site selection.On average,for every unit of improvement in the quality of urban public service supply,the probability of migrant workers settling down in the local area significantly increases by0.9 percentage points.Further found that 30 44 years old,female,high school education level,married,with homeowners and self-supporting laborers identity of migrant workers settle in siting on the sensitivity of the urban public service supply quality is higher.After adding the household registration restriction variable,although the impact of the quality of urban public service supply on the settlement decision of migrant workers has decreased,it is still significantly positive.In particular,when the employment and income of migrant workers are relatively stable,urban public services and the quality of their supply start to become an important factor in their settlement decisions.Third,on average,the city government has opened 73.15% of all public services to migrant workers in the city.The city government has promised to open 77.60 percent of all urban public services to migrant workers.It is further found that the service constraints and restrictions on migrant workers are more from the field of exclusive public services.9.14% of migrant workers are excluded from exclusive public services because they do not meet the conditions set by the city government.The openness of urban public services has the following characteristics: the higher the level of urban economic development and administrative level,the lower the openness;The larger the city is,the lower its openness will be.The lower the openness of urban public service,the higher the quality of its public service supply.Fourth,the openness of urban public services has a significant positive impact on migrant workers' migration behavior.For every unit increase in the openness of urban public services,the probability of migrant workers moving their household registration to the local area significantly increases by 26.6 percentage points.Improving the openness of urban public services is conducive to increasing the possibility of migrant workers moving to and settling down in cities,and has a significant role in promoting the citizenization of migrant workers.Further found that urban public service openness peer family flow(with spouses and children),flow across the province,? type cities and difficulty with public service of migrant workers group effect more apparent.Through the mechanism analysis,it is found that the sense of social inclusion has a certain mediating effect on the migration behavior of migrant workers affected by the openness of urban public services.Fifth,the accessibility of urban public services has a significant positive impact on the citizenization capacity of migrant workers.The higher the accessibility of urban public services,the stronger the citizenization ability of migrant workers.It is further found that the accessibility of urban public services has a more significant impact on migrant workers,such as those born in the 1980 s,ethnic minorities,migrant workers who move with their spouses and children,and migrant workers who have no housing and low skills.The accessibility of urban public services affects the citizenization ability of migrant workers through health promotion mechanism,identity mechanism and labor supply mechanism.Sixth,the research finds that the total fuzzy index of migrant workers' welfare level is 0.244.At a lower level.The residence permit system has a significant positive impact on the economic status,defensive security,spiritual feeling and social opportunities of migrant workers,which indicates that the residence permit system improves the economic status,defensive security,spiritual feeling and social opportunities of migrant workers.Hold a residence permit for ? cities,? big cities and large megacities migrant workers welfare level have significant positive effects,the effect of extra large megacities largest,for small and medium-sized cities of urban migrant workers welfare level influence was not significant.The residence permit has a positive and significant effect on the welfare level of both the first generation and the new generation of migrant workers,and the effect on the welfare level of the first generation of migrant workers is more significant.The effect of holding a residence permit on the improvement of migrant workers' welfare level is more obvious in "areas with increased residence permit welfare".Based on the above research,this paper proposes the following policy suggestions:First,treat the citizenization of migrant workers with the concept of "inclusiveness and openness".Second,we will continue to deepen reform and remove obstacles to the citizenization of migrant workers.Third,change the logic of urban public service supply to better adapt to the process of citizenization of migrant workers.Fourth,we should promote the process of citizenization of migrant workers through the quality of urban public service supply.Fifth,we will further establish and improve mechanisms for providing basic urban public services.Sixth,policy suggestions such as improving the citizenization capacity of migrant workers with the accessibility of public services.