Research On The Reform Of Theodore Roosevelt

This paper takes the American society before and after the second industrial revolution as its historical background, combines the top-down and bottom-up reform led by Theodore Roosevelt with the same type of reform nongovernmental sectors carried out, and does an overall research on the reform of Theodore Roosevelt. It can be divided into four parts.The first part is an introduction. It discusses the reason and meanings of the topic, the condition of foreign and domestic researches, and the research methods used in this paper and its novelty.The second part introduces the historical background of the reform, and it is divided into three sections, the first section concentrates on the development of American liberal capitalism and monopolies expansion. In the 19 th century, the United States has established relatively complete industrial system, its industrial output has leapt to the first in the world. However, the economic growth was accompanied by a concentration of production and capital, the mergers and expansions of the trust has reached a culmination from 1897 to 1903, in the early 20 th,the trust has been firmly mastered the lifeblood if the American economy. Section two discussed the existence of the government patronage system and the situation of corruption swept the United States, the financial oligarch gradually took the control of the US congress, the “city bosses” rampant in major cities. The third section discussed the serious condition of rich-poor polarization and the intensification of the social conflicts of the united states, a large number of wealth gathered in a few hands, and the strike movements happened in everywhere, as one falls, another rises, The last section discussed the rise of private power, including Social Services Department and the Social Gospel Movement.The third part discusses the reform led by Theodore Roosevelt, divides into six sections. First, it discusses the intervention in the economy, which including the transformation and guidance of trust, strengthen the federal government’s control over the railways. Section 2 discusses the adjustment of labor relations, including mediation of general strike in Pennsylvania mining area and promoting legislation of protecting labor. Section 3 discusses protection of consumer rights, mainly describing the legislative condition of consumer protection, including the "Meat Inspection Act" and the "Pure Food and Drug Act". Section 4 discusses the legalization and institutionalization of anti-corruption, including anti-corruption measures, the anti-corruption in the institutional level, and the establishment of a clean and efficient government. Section 5 discusses expansion of executive power and establishment of volunteer committees. Section 6 discusses the efforts made by Roosevelt in the protection of natural resources, which including the strengthening of legislation on the protection, an d the appeals of it within the scope of human beings.The final part evaluates the Theodore Roosevelt reform, briefly describes its historical influences, and the implications for the Chinese reform.