The Exploration And Reflection Of Modernization Path Of Rural China (1949-1976)

On the tombstone of Peigang Zhang, a China’s famous economist, there is aword,"Base on China, facing the world, open to draw lessons from the achievementsof human civilization, to explore a feasible way to change a poor and backwardagricultural country to be industrial powerful!" Here the "rural China" not only refersto the China village, but China is a unique trait of farmers, is different from themodern society of western rural, and agriculture accounted for the main body of thesocial. From1949to1976, the communist party of China based on the initialconditions, and in two camps in relatively closed situation of the cold war, began toexplore socialist modernization road.After investigation, this period of China’s socialist modernization summed up as:a way of industrialization of "farmers to raise workers" that the Chinese people take,giving a priority to the development of heavy industry, under the leadership of thecommunist party of China and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism, based on theanalysis of the new China’s specific national conditions, with public ownership andplanned economy system to protect, to arouse the enthusiasm of the local and arousethe people’s labor enthusiasm for the important power,in order to realize the nationalprosperity, social justice as the fundamental goal of Catch-up-with style socialistmodernization path.During the early days of new China, because of the blockade of westerncountries and extreme weakness of industrial foundation, in order to maintain the newregime and to achieve national prosperity, our country chose industrialization strategyreluctantly that use agricultural income to finance industry. Through land reform andrural cooperative movement, the peasants land ownership and agricultural collectivization operation were realized. Through the "unified purchase and sale"policy, agricultural surplus were collected at relatively low prices, however, industrialproducts were sold to farmers at higher prices, at the same time. The policy of "pricescissors" of the industrial and agricultural products, transferred the agriculturalsurplus to the industrial sector, accumulated a lot of money and materials for ourcountry’s industrialization construction, and ensured smooth implementing ofindustrialization during the early founding of our country. On one hand, themodernization construction got great achievements during the period. Economically,the independent system of industry and national defense was preliminary built in ourcountry, and the economy and urban construction level were significantly increased.The people’s congress system, democratic centralism and a series of democraticsystem were politically established, with continuous strengthening of the constructionof national democracy and law system. Around1956,on the basis of the reflectionStalin socialist pattern malpractice,with Mao Zedong as the core of the communistparty of China opened up to find the beginning of the road to socialist modernizationwith Chinese characteristics, Put forward the theory of ten relationships, the theory ofthe main social contradiction, the theory of correctly dealing with contradictionsamong the people,the development strategy of letting a hundred flowers bloom and ahundred schools of thought contend, three more body, three complementary,eliminated capitalism and development of capitalism and so on.Because of don’tknow much about the law of socialist construction, impatient for success in practice,there also appeared the "great leap forward" and people’s communes and othermovement, but still made a lot of economic achievement. Though the "culturalrevolution" the global error occurred, but cultural revolution decade was differentfrom decade of the cultural revolution.But during this period, Socialism also hasobtained certain achievement in some aspects. At the same time, we also learned adeep lesson from this exploration.MAO Zedong’s China modernization has its objective necessity. It is a relativelybackward agricultural country fast path of the modernization of Chinese society which is in socialism and capitalism two camps of the cold war and in a relativelyclosed environment. Its achievement is huge. It established a relatively comprehensivesystem of industrialization in a relatively short time. The achi俄vement in thepolitical, cultural, social various aspects laid a solid foundation for the furtherdevelopment. But it need to say that the cost of the modernization is not small whichwe should be summarized earnestly. This period of industrialization and urbanizationdevelopment funds came from that in addition to the part from the former Sovietunion support, relying more on the interests of the agricultural surplus and ruraloutput and low consumption to the national people’s to support. The dual social andeconomic structure formed in the process. The negative consequences is also veryobvious which caused by regardless of the condition, impatient for success,hot-headed. Although there have been some mistakes before the reform and openingup nearly three decades of modernization, walked a detour, but it was still the mainachievements. It is not only provides material conditions for the Chinese characteristicsocialism modernization since the reform and opening up pioneered, laid the politicalprerequisite and institutional basis, but also provided the precious experience andtheoretical preparation. Therefore, we should on the basis of summarizing thehistorical experience and the contemporary society in our country’s basic nationalconditions and continue to insist on everything from set out actually, seek truth fromfacts. Coordinate the relationship between urban and rural, urban and ruraldevelopment as a whole; Close ties with the masses, constantly improve and perfectthe democratic decision-making mechanism, and other democratic systemconstruction, deepen the reform, strive to build a well-off society in an all-round wayas soon as possible.