| Marx wrote the book Economic & Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 in a turbulent time, during which Europe society was in continuous social change and social contradiction, faced with these social issues, Marx was deeply engaged in pondering. Seen from the development of Marx’s course of thought, it could be found that Marx began to study political economics in 1843, the alienated labor theory is systematic criticism and transcendence to classical economics, and is the first attempt to build theoretical system for himself.Marx critically inherited the alienation thought of Rousseau, Hegel, Feuerbach and others and finally put forward the alienated labor theory in Economic & Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. In Economic & Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, as a fact of distorted relation between subject and object, Marx classified the content of alienated labor into four types—alienation of the worker from the product of his labor, alienation of the worker from the act of producing, alienation of the worker from his Gattungswesen and alienation of the worker from other workers. Marx also critically analyzed private property, and pointed out that alienated labor leads to private property and in return, private property deepens alienated labor, which brings about a fact of exploitation of the capitalist society, as a result, the way to sublate alienation is necessarily to eliminate private property and realize communism. Though Marx’s alienated labor theory is not mature enough, it is really significant in the development of Marx’s course of thought. Marx’s alienated labor theory is not only a transfer of research horizon from philosophy to economic facts, but also lays a solid theoretical foundation for the formation of Marx’s historical materialism. Especially with the rapid development of contemporary society, sorts of alienation phenomena still widely exist in various fields of society, it provides us with guidance to solve various problems in real life. |
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