Research On Civil Service Appointment System

Focus on contract management and tenure system, the legal status of civil service appointment system was affirmed by "public servant law" in the year 2005. Later on, reform experimentation of Pudong New District of Shanghai and Shenzhen Special Zone has created a new way of civil service appointment system:Pudong New District of Shanghai has been experimented since 2007 and 20 positions with strong professional and high level has been chosen for open recruitment at home and abroad; Shenzhen Special Zone has been experimented since 2007, the way of incremental reform was used in the experiment, all the new appointed civil servant was under the system of civil service appointment, the city has conducted seven recruitment of civil servant under the open appointment system by July 2007 and the new appointed civil servant was more than two thousands and accounted for 5% of the whole administrative organ of the city. Confusion has occurred when we compared the two experiments that Shenzhen and Pudong New District of Shanghai conducted:as they both are the experimental places of civil service appointment system, why there are great differences on category and scale of civil service appointment system between the two places?Civil service appointment system is a product of theory and practice of New Public management. It is also an important method of department reform of western developed countries. Therefore, the way to clear the confusion above is to analyze the reform of Civil service appointment system of western developed countries from a national comparative perspective. Bycoincidence, there are great many differences on category and scale of Civil service appointment system of western developed countries:civil service appointment system reform of New Zealand, Australia and Britain have walked very far on the road, most employment constitute the basic structure of the civil service system of the three countries; in America, Civil service appointment system and the permanent system are divided equally; civil service appointment system in France and Germany is operated very hard, it is quite rare if a little progress is made.Exploration of differences on category and scale of civil service appointment system in western developed countries does not mean the end of the research, on the contrary, it discloses the beginning of study in-depth----how to illuminate the reason of the differences. Luckily, western scholar Pollitt has put forward a general model bases on the experiences of public management reform of ten western countries. Based on the particularity of Pollitt model and the object of study, this article constructed the "initial condition-path-the result status" model and put forward five hypothesis: the greater power of administrative department, the more thoroughly the reform of civil service appointment system, the wider the scope and scale of civil service appointment system;The state power more focus on the Party Central Committee, the more thoroughly the reform of civil service appointment system, the wider the scope and scale of civil service appointment system; the political culture more stressed on liberalism, the more thoroughly the reform of civil service appointment system, the wider the scope and scale of civil service appointment system;the elite takes more recognition with marketization reform of public sector, the more thoroughly the reform of civil service appointment system, the wider the scope and scale of civil service appointment system; more higher marketization of the adopted approach is, the more thoroughly the reform of civil service appointment system, the wider the scope and scale of civil service appointment system. By the comparative study of the civil service appointment system reform of six countries, we can discover that impetus and resistance in the reform of each country are indeed associated with elements in the hypothesis; furthermore, reform of civil service appointment system of each country does conform to the five assumptions above.Retrospect the reform of civil service appointment system of our country, since the experiments of appointment system are still performing and the peculiarity of our political-administrative system, the scope and scale of choosing proper civil servants should on the one hand should combine the civil service appointment system of western developed countries, on the other hand we should also select proper experiences of civil service appointment system of our own. The general pattern that we absorbed from foreign countries can be used:reform of civil service appointment system is part of the reform of public sector system; the reform of the permanent system of senior civil servants is a kind of consensus; scientific and perfect structure of position classification is the basis of the implementation of the reform of civil service appointment system.