Marx’s Theory Of Distributive Justice And Its Revelation For China

After the period of confusion and criticism on speculative Justice, Karl Marx establishes Justice of historical materialism, and thus forms a unique path of research of distributive justice, especially it’s philosophical foundation and evaluation criteria. First,historical materialism is the philosophical basis of Marx’s theory of distributive justice.Historical materialism is composed of the Methodology and Ontology. Based on the ontology of historical materialism, Marx thinks that the history is "the reality of human labor practice". And considering the unity of the subject and object of the labor practices,human history achieves the unity the regularity and purpose. Therefore, Marx believes that the rule of historical development is objective, at the same time we can not deny that individual will has an influence on the historical process; Based on the methodology of historical materialism, Marx thinks that the ontology has a decisive role in methodology, so historical materialism is the unity of the facts and norms. And on this basis, Marx’s theory of distributive justice achieves the unity of science and value, and the scientific nature reflects in the the logical starting point. Marx doesn’t carry out research of the distributive justice issues from the abstract concept of low rights, but from the production methods; The value nature is expressed in the logical purport of distributive justice theory-that is, Marx’s theory of distributive justice pursues the realization of Human values subjectivity. In the meanwhile, from the perspective of historical materialism, Marx’s theory of distributive justice also ends the lasting dispute "Marx and justice" of academia. Materialism has never been the "substance" as a research body, and mistakenly believes that economy decides all things, and ignores the value of human subjectivity. Thus, Marx never rejects the theory of distributive justice. Secondly, from the perspective of historical materialism, the evaluation criteria of distributive justice should be based on the unity of practicality and inevitability,and should be based on Real production and the value of human subjectivity.Precisely because of Marxist historical materialism regarding "human history" as a research body, Marx’s theory of distributive justice contains a wealth of theoretical character, for example the properties of historic, class, practice and critical. At the same time, Marx shows the connotations of distributive justice-revealing the private ownership’s injustice under the capitalist mode of production basing on the reality of production practice; criticizing the existence of capitalist exploitation and social alienation, so Marx stands on the side of the proletariat and constructs the distributive justice standards of the future society.Marx’s theory of distributive justice is both normative economic theory and contains awealth of humanistic values, such as Marx’s theory of distributive justice contains a wealth of labor philosophy. Thus, Marx’s theory of distributive justice has its embarrassment to Chinese income distribution, including three aspects: first, distribution by production factors has a certain historical justness, so the society should take the deserving as one principles of the distributive justice and protect the economic subject’s right to get its accolades in order to make contribution conform to income; second, taking the distribution according to work as the main body is the foundation of realizing labor justice. Society should take the labor as one principles of the distributive justice and protect the workers’ equal rights; third, need principle is important to the distributive justice. So the distributive justice should take the achievement of people’s free development as the ultimate goal.