Research On The Ideology Of Relationship Between Human And Nature In Economic And Philosophical Manuscripts Of 1844

Facing the global ecological environmental crises and ecological environment bottleneck China encounters during the process of social and economic development, do we really need Marxism or not? This is not only a significant theoretical problem, but also a realistic problem people need to solve. In recent years, as the theoretical study of environmental problem has been ascended endlessly into a hot issue, the theoretical field has begun to attach importance to combing and digging out the eco-environment ideology of classics of Maxist writers while researchers have been trying to study, take in and learn from western theoretical achievements of environmental problem. As an important manuscript in Marx’s youth, Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844(hereafter referred to as Manuscripts) gives many incisive discussions on the relationship between human and nature, which has aroused a wide impact on academia. Therefore, it is necessary to study it deeply and systematically.The paper begins with the social and historical backgrounds of Manuscripts, focuses on digging into the text and then analyses its theoretical influences and social functions. The paper is divided into four sections: the first part is “introduction”, which introduces the backgrounds of the study, the current situations of the study at home and abroad, the aims and significance of the study, the ideas and ways of the study and the possible innovation points of the study and so on. The second section describes the historical backgrounds and the theoretical origin of the formation of the thought – the relationship between human and nature, from the social, economic and political situations and the ideological trend in Europe in the 1940 s to the ideological situation of Marx in youth, in order to explain what kind of background gives birth to Manuscripts; On the basis of the analysis of the background, this part grasps the text composition of Manuscripts on the whole, paving the macro-way for the study of the relationship between human and nature; At last it focuses on tracing the theoretical origin of the relationship between human and nature in Manuscripts mainly through three aspects of theoretical exploration: the conception of the nature, Marx’s criticism of and succession to Hegel philosophy, and the criticism of and succession to Feuerbach philosophy. The third section, the core of the paper, illustrates the main contents of the relationship between human and nature of Manuscripts. The content summary of the relationship between human and nature is derived from three aspects: the mutual interaction between human and nature, opposition and conflict between human and nature under the background of labor alienation and the organic unity of the relationship between human and nature in the view of communism. Marx thinks that human and nature, as an organic integrity, effect and restrict each other; human is the natural human, and the realistic nature is the gegenstandliche nature, and only on the basis of practice can the dialectical unity of human and nature be achieved. The private ownership of the means of production of capitalism and its economic operation pattern cause the alienation of the laborers, the process of working, the productions and human themselves, and even cause the escalation of the confliction between human and nature. Only by the reformation of the social system can this opposition eliminate. By actively sublating the private property, the self-alienation of human, it aims to realize communism and finally achieve the unity of the three aspects in nature and human society: the organic body and inorganic body, the naturalism and the humanism, and the internal dimension and the external dimension. Then it will achieve the reconciliation of the relationship between human and nature or between human. The fourth section sets forth profoundly the contemporary values of the relationship between human and nature of Manuscripts, and describes its theoretical significance to the ecological Marxism and the ecological outlook of Marxism in contemporary China, and also its earned values in solving the eco-environment crisis people have been suffering and constructing the ecological civilization.Manuscripts is the Marx’s early work and has attracted more attention in the academic circle. Studies on Manuscripts includes overall grasp from the angle of text structure and logical clue, and also interpretation from different aspects of humanism, economics and ethics. The paper studies Manuscripts systematically from the aspect of the relationship between human and nature. Limited by the academic capacity, it is not perfect to understand the relationship between human and nature of Manuscripts. There are some problems such as Marx’s criticism on Fetishism, the influence of the alienation theory on Marx’s thoughts in human and nature, and also the fog of thoughts which needs the further study in future.