Studies Of The Employment Differences Problem Between Urban And Rural University Students

The employment problem of university graduates has been a very prominent social problems for the current China’s economic and social development process. Since1999, our country started to allow higher colleges and universities to expand the recruit of graduates, the number of graduates in the university rise gradually each year. Looked from its contribution angle, it may be said that making the threshold of the college lower, to the certain extent, is conducive to improve the overall national quality and promote social and economic development. However, as the expansion in universities and colleges, social economic development providing the jobs is limited, which also brought the employment problem of university graduates. There have been many achievements about the relevant research literature and research results. Studying this kind of problem is not only beneficial to help graduates to improve their employment ability, but also beneficial to the social and educational development and towards the direction of healthy, harmonious and sustainable society.Therefore, this paper researches the employment differences from the point of view of urban and rural household college graduates, and the problem of university graduates’ employment from the view of census register. First of all, this paper expounded briefly problem of university students’ employment. Secondly this paper based on the data from questionnaire compares the employment rate, wage level, employment opinion, employment attitude, occupation types and work unit types of college graduates from urban and rural areas. Thirdly, this paper will analyze the reason from the view of the human capital theory, social capital theory and dualistic structure of urban and rural, which have to discuss the factors influenced university students’ employment differences in-depth comprehensive manner. And it has different study modes compared with the previous research about focusing on the growing environment and education environment of the urban and rural graduates, this research will focus on the difference of the registered permanent residence. The capital of employment which affects urban and rural of college graduates concludes two levels of "human capital relations" and "social capital relations", and their functions will be discussed respectively for the two aspects of social capital in the possession and uses. According to the human capital theory, that the reason caused the difference between the employment of the urban and rural graduates lies mainly in their own efforts and ability; According to the social capital theory, that the reason caused the difference between the employment of the urban and rural graduates lies mainly in different conditions and ability to possess and make use of social capital; According to the dualistic structure of urban and rural, regional differences in social and economic development are not balance, and the differences of possession and usage of resources influence the graduates’ employment in different regions. Based on reason analysis, lastly, we make a conclusion and give some corresponding recommendations from the views of individuals, families, universities, government departments and units.To narrow the distance of different employment condition of college graduates in different geographical regions, we should balance resources in social and economic development process, and set up reasonable information mechanism as well as the scientific and applicable major setting.