The Comparative Study Of Commercialization Of Universities And Colleges In China And America

Since it exist a huge gap between China and developed countries in commercialization of universities and colleges, it’s critical to draw on the experience of developed countries of Europe and the United States of America to improve the commercialization capacity of Chinese universities and colleges, promoting the development of higher education and economy of China. This can be done through the analysis of universities and colleges spatial distribution to reach the result of scale and spatial difference between China and America, and through the perspective of human resource, funds, outputs and transition paths to analyze the status quo of commercialization of universities and colleges in China and America. The commercialization capacity of universities and colleges evolution index system is built, consisting of S&T human resources, R&D funds, scientific research performance and S&T production. Subjective and objective comprehensive weighting method is used to analyze the degree of commercialization capacity of universities and colleges in China and America from 2003 to 2012, commercialization capacity of universities and colleges of different provinces of China and different states of America in 2012 to reach the result of spatial difference and the relation with regional economy. By using LSE method to divide China and America into four types of dominant factors. Several conclusions can be highlighted:(1) From 2003 to 2012, the universities and colleges commercialization capacity of China have kept increasing as a whole, while American’s have changed little, the gap between China and America has narrowed.(2) Spatial agglomeration of commercialization in Chinese universities and colleges is larger than American, mainly concentrated in Shanghai, Beijing and Jiangsu, while the spatial agglomeration of American is mainly concentrated in California, New York and Texas. (3) The degree of commercialization capacity in universities and colleges can be divided into 5 types. The area of relatively high commercialization capacity in China is mostly in coastal area, only 4 provinces in Midwest have relatively high commercialization capacity; while the area of relatively high commercialization capacity in America mostly in the coastal of Five Great Lakes and coastal area such as California, New York and Texas. (4) The degree of commercialization capacity in colleges and universities of different regions match the regional economic development level as a whole, the similarity in America is greater than China. The commercialization capacity in colleges and universities of different states in America greatly match the regional population, while China has a strong deviation between them. The spatial distribution of commercialization capacity and scale of universities and colleges have strong coincidence degree, especially Top-notch research universities. (5) From 2003 to 2012, America is defined as "joint effect by four factors", and the subsystem of R&D funds has the strongest contribution ratio; China from "dominated by three factors" turned to "dominated by two factors", the strongest contribution ratio are S&T human resource and outputs subsystem. (6) Over 50 percent of province in China are defined as "joint effect by four factors", while most states in America are defined as "dominated by three factors" and "joint effect by four factors", amount to 70 percent together. The last part analyzes the difficulties and problems resulting and give advises to promote the commercialization capacity in Chinese universities and colleges, enriching the ability to service the society.