The Study On Primary Education Of Henan Province From 1927 To 1937

The modern primary education of Henan province began in the late nineteenth century and made a further development after the National Government founded. During 1927 to 1937, the Chinese society was relatively stable. Through the National Revolution, the National Government united the whole country and put an end to the wars of the warlords. It created a good environment for the development of Chinese society. Feng Yu-xiang and the people in social circles were paid more attention to education, they promoted the development of the education in Henan during this period. At the same time, the educators of Henan were influenced by the thought of “saving the nation by education”, they generally believed to save the country only rely on education. They insisted that we must attach great importance to the primary education, because it was the foundation.The primary education of Henan treated the Three People’s Principles as the education aims and established the “633 reform of education system”. The number of primary schools was rank front row in the country. The curriculums were truthfulness, it reflected that the education has taken children as the center. At this time, the children had received the modern citizenship education. Influenced by western advanced education concept, part of teachers changed the past pure injection method of teaching. They adopt different teaching methods according to different teaching contents. In addition, the primary schools made the achievement examination system, only allowed qualified students to graduation.National Government made detailed rules for primary school teachers’ qualification standards, but due to the lack of teachers, they were not strictly executed, teachers’ qualification was complicated. Henan province government through holding education research association or summer vacation school to improve teachers’ quality and teaching level, inspect teachers on a regular basis. The relations between teachers and students had improved, some teachers began to change the way of communicate with students. At the same time, students’ status rose, they stared to intervene in school affairs, the statues of teachers and students were more and more equality. The education funds of Henan increased after achieved independence and has a wealth of sources. Provincial education funds still focus on junior education and higher education, but the country level focus on the primary education.The primary education of Henan province showed three traits, such as the imbalance development of regions, the complicacy of the process and the transitivity to modern education. The social environment and economic development level of different regions led to the imbalance. During the National Government, Henan province repeatedly suffered from the wars, coupled with various natural disasters, the primary education was difficult to develop. Henan province is located in the inland, deeply conservative, old ideas couldn’t completely removed, people’s attitude toward the new primary school were skeptical, even against. The old-style private schools’ management was flexibility, in accordance with the needs of the people at that time. They also made up for the deficiency of the new primary school. The old-style private schools and the new primary schools’ coexist was inevitable phenomenon in education reform, it reflected the obvious characters of transition.