Research On The Department Of Adjustment Of Henan University(1952-1956)

At the beginning of the foundation of People′s Republic of China, the country faces a crucial period--the politics, economy, education and every other aspects start from scratch. On the premise of the nationalization of education sovereignty and the ideological reform movement among college teachers, the People’s Republic of China conducted a large-scale adjustments in various colleges and universities, in order to meet the needs of economic construction and political system, change the low level of education and the lagged development of education in the early days, and train the specialized personnel which are needed in various aspects in China.The adjustments in colleges which are characterized by its large scale and wide range, changed the higher education system of the western education mode(mainly Europe and the United States) in old China, established the socialist system which is mainly composed of the Soviet education mode; and basically changed the situation in which attaching great importance to the liberal arts and despising normal education in the past. It has formed a new higher engineering education system that is relatively complete suitable for China’s conditions, and established the basic pattern of all universities in new China. These changes marked the coming of the new era of education, making a profound impact on the higher education of China. But it also has its shortcomings, for example, excessively emphasizing the engineering course, while ignoring the liberal arts in higher education; and paying much more attention on learning the experience of Soviet union, while lacking combination with China’s own situation. So the reform in the higher education brought the deviations from its goal and its defects, and with the development of the time, its shortcomings become more and more obvious..Henan University, as one of institutions of higher learning, under the unified leadership of the Central Committee of the Party, actively carried out the policies, and reasonably adjusted the various of departments and professional, training all kinds of specialized technical talented person for the country, meeting the needs of economic construction at that time. However, on the whole, Henan University which has been adjusted has many disadvantages, for example, the major departments are separated out, specialties are set up meticulously, school faculty is weakened, etc. So Henan University is not as Fudan University, Zhejiang University and the other colleges which has enhanced their own strength after adjustment, instead it is weakened.This paper is divided into six parts:The first part mainly introduces the survey of the national higher education and analyzes the causes of adjustment. It can make us understand the background of the adjustment, and the adjustment which is in connection with the country’s social construction ideology economic construction, the new regime consolidation, the foreign policy and foreign culture and other factors.The second part mainly introduces the relevant policies and the implementation process of the central authorities. Through simple description of the design and development of the policies, and the steps and the process in which the central authorities carried out the policies, this part shows the general profile of all colleges and universities before the adjustment.The third part mainly discusses the political movement of Henan University and the development of the various departments, showing the education foundation and conditions of Henan University before the adjustment.The fourth part explores the adjustment of the departments of Henan University. This part expounds the process of the adjustment from three stages: the pattern exploration, reorganization and adjustment, deepening and rectifying. Meanwhile it explores and analyzes the transformations of the payroll of the faculty, the methods of examination and test which are caused by the adjustment, showing the whole picture of the adjustment of Henan university comprehensively and objectively.The fifth part mainly discusses and analyzes the adjustment work of Henan University, and analyses the relationship between the adjustment of the departments and the contemporary higher education. This adjustment not only enhances and improves the quality of teaching, exchanges teaching experience, promotes the reform of teaching, but also solves the problem of the shortage of teaching equipment, increases the utilization of teaching equipment and so on. But after the adjustment, the overall strength of the Henan University are weakened. Some departments, such as finance and economics, water conservancy are moved out, making the uniformity of the subjects in the university. To some extent, this situation limits the development of Henan University in the future, and restricts the economic development of Henan.This adjustment has strengthened the leadership of higher education, and all colleges and universities of the country should use unified teaching outline, teaching plan, teaching methods and so on. So in the process of the teaching, the educators must strictly carry out teaching activities according to the unified teaching content and outline. The phenomenon which restricts the intellectual creative thinking of intellectuals, is not conducive to the free development of academic idea. In order to make up for these defects, the central authorities began the second adjustment of the departments of colleges and universities. This adjustment which fully absorbed the experiences of the first adjustment and improved the management system and pattern of China’s higher education "fragmented", forming the management system that the responsibilities are divided between the central and local government management.The sixth part is the conclusion. Through summarizing the establishments of the education career in Kaifeng during thirty years which from 1949 to1978, this part indirectly shows the achievements of the education in different provinces in this adjustment. For Henan University, the adjustment of departments weakened its overall power, but it has been achieved noticeable achievements for the education career in the whole Kaifeng. The fact tells us that we can not analyze the historical events from the view of contemporary people when we evaluate and judge things, we should adopt an objective attitude towards the world..