Research On The Effects Of Urbanization On Rural Human Capital Investment In Hunan Province

Hunan Province urbanization rate has reached 49.28% in 2014 and is about to break through 50%. At least 6.2 million farmers will go in to the city over the next five years. Different from the number of urban population in the 1980 s, the present urbanization is more and more attention to population quality, emphasis on human capital investment. However our province rural human capital investment situation is not optimistic: structural shortage of qualified teachers,lacking of training opportunities,lagging behind of modern education.Although some rural schools have been equipped with multimedia facilities,improper use and improper maintenance lead to serious degradation; Poor health condition, the doctor treatment is generally low, medical market is in severe chaos. Therefore, study the effect mechanism of urbanization on rural human capital investment has very important significance.Based on the theory of urbanization and the theory of human capital theory, combined with the urbanization development of Hunan Province in 1988-2014 and the basic situation of rural human capital investment.The following three aspects expounds the function mechanism of urbanization on rural human capital investment: 1) the function of urban physical capital on rural human capital investment: the superior material life conditions, good infrastructure boosts rural human capital investment; 2) the function of urban social capital on rural human capital investment:urban structural social capital pulls the rural human capital investment and urban cultural social capital indirectly pulls the rural human capital investment; 3)the function of urban specialization on rural human capital investment: participants are asked to long-term professional education and have extensive autonomy.Through the empirical study,this article finds:(1)The correlation coefficient of the rural education capital investment, the rural health capital investment and urbanization is positive.It shows that urbanization can pull the rural human capital investment to some extent. Urbanization can pull the worker pay、labor productivity, boost rural residents’ consumption, so as to guarantee the rural human capital investment sustainable economic foundation.(2)From the correlation coefficient of rural education capital investment and urbanization is 0.021, the correlation coefficient of rural health capital investment and urbanization is 0.11, you can see that the urbanization of Hunan Province can not fullly pull rural human capital investment.The fundamental reason lies in the rural human capital investment is still driven by the number increase in investment. In this mode, rural labor force is still given priority to elements.Promoting efficiency is just an supplementary factor.Thus leading to low human capital spillover effect.The importance of the urbanization on rural human capital investment is:It promotes the human capital investment,not only a simple resources agglomeration,but also provides continuous inner driving force for the development of human capital investment. Rural education capital investment needs the joint efforts of government,enterprises,family and society; Rural health capital investment needs to increase investment in health care; Rural on-the-job training investment should be people-oriented, promote the development of rural vocational education; Rural migration investment needs the rural land system reform and the household registration system reform.