| The process and mechanism to the spatial pattern as director of research has been the focus of study of geography. As an important public service facilities, rural schools with some changes in the pattern of thousands of years long development. Theory of urban and rural development focused on the study of urban-rural integration among research for the evolution of the pattern of rural schools are often confined to the withdrawal point and the school, education and other social science disciplines development investigation. But now the specific process of change in Chongqing mountainous rural schools had not understood in recent years. Few people have not starting to analysis the spatial pattern of mountain rural school variation from the point of view of geography, influencing factors, the driving mechanism, mode of evolution and other key issues. While the layout of the school directly affects the ease of merging to the nearest school student, it is also a very important issue. But most studies limited to the macro-control level. There is little concrete and effective solutions. The more current location research was staying on the economic productivity of the scale, while the much layout of rural infrastructure had not involved. Numerous studies have been carried out from a qualitative or statistical analysis of rural schools change scenarios,the policy implications of social, educational, economic and other fields, and its level of development and degree of accumulation in lack of awareness on the spatial and temporal scales. Policymakers do not grasp the degree of qualitative fading, this will not be the future of rural schools layout provides clear guidance. Only adapt to the new situation, new urbanization development and new rural construction, and consider rural-urban migration, the school-age population changes, and the local rural geographical environment and traffic conditions, educational conditions support capabilities, students’ families the financial burden and other factors in order to achieve rural basic education scientific layout.This article presents an analysis on the spatial pattern evolvement characteristicsof rural schools and their development level in a mountainous area over the past ten years. Various methods, including trend surface analysis, spatial hot spot detection,kernel density estimation, principal component analysis and clustering analysis, were utilized in this study. The study found:This paper Results demonstrated that the scale of rural schools has generally decreased significantly over the past 10 years. The reduction in the number of the rural schools was the most significant, being that they have decreased to almost half(49%)of what they were 10 years ago. The highest concentration of rural schools is distributed in the plain area along the Yangtze River and the valley area between Qiyao mountain and Fangdou mountain. However, the concentration degree of rural schools was relatively low in the Qiyao mountain and Fangdou mountain areas. The service radius of rural schools in various regions has also changed drastically over the last 10 years. In comparison with data from 2004, the results from 2014 showed a 62%decrease in the service radius of the hilly, and a 47.2% decrease in the low mountain area. Despite these decreasing numbers, the development of rural schools has shown a relatively strong spatial variation. It was non-uniform and unreasonable in 2004, and was normal and reasonable in 2014. Moreover, the change of rural schools had a significant positive spatial clustering phenomenon. In earlier years, the whole distribution was random. Nowadays, it has already formed a large area hot zone, taking on Nanbing town, southwest Shizhu County as the center, and low value area, as the representative of Xinle, Jinling and Jinzhu town. School Survival external system through natural environmental factors, traffic location factors and economic and social factors, either individually or associated, respectively, with each other driving force is formed from different directions together in the school within the system, and within the school system labeled "School- Teacher- number and structure of students’ coupled systems affected. External system not only has a static similarity, but also both dynamic and interactive driving factor(drive system) to the natural environment,traffic location and economic and social factors as the main influence through a series of dynamic propagation system(driving force), act directly or indirectly in internal school "school- teacher- student" coupling system(by moving system), completed the drive through dynamic propagation system applied by the mover of the drive mechanism, a rural school temporal pattern mountain Evolution the "three belt" drive mechanism. 2004 Mountain village school survival of the most influential is the"traffic accessibility," which transportation accessibility(Level 1), transportationaccessibility(Level 2), transportation accessibility(Level 3), traffic up resistance(level4) for each additional level mountain village school survival rate were increased 170.4percent, 228.0 percent, 164.8 percent, 261.0 percent. Variable "migrant workers than the" incidence ratio for each additional percentage mountain village school survival rate is reduced 69.3%. Variable "level of regional economic development," occurrence ratio of each additional percentage mountain village school survival rate has increased by 21.2%. The recent development of rural schools can be divided into poor basic-fading area, good basic-fading area, poor basic-development area, and good basic-development area. The obtained pattern demonstrated a significant relationship between the distribution of the terrain, economy, and traffic location on educational resources. The future development strategy should emphatically consider both the optimization of rural school layout and the timely guidance for families with school-age children to migrate locally. Center schools, large schools and famous schools should also be constructed simultaneously. Under the context of population large-scale floating, clearing the current and future development ideas and strategies was important to guide the development of rural schools in mountainous areas. |
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