Comparative Study On Fertility Desire And The Influencing Factors Of The Childbearing-aged People Between Urban And Rural Areas

Fertility desire refers to the desire and demand of people’s bearing.And fertility desire will be influenced by some kinds of factors, such as social economy, traditional cultures, views and values,policies and regulations and so on.Under the background of China’s Two-child policy gradually implemented and from the perspective of sociology, demography,economics and other disciplines,we clarified the relations among fertility desire,fertility behavior and fertility level, and made an investigation on the fertility desire and the influencing factors of the childbearing-aged people in economically developed typical urban areas and economically backward typical rural areas. Finally we made a comparative study in these two areas.Different from most previous researches, which mainly emphasis on the desired number of children, desired gender of children and desired time of childbearing, we attempt to analyze the five aspects of fertility desire, including the number, gender, time, quality and motivation, to make a more comprehensive and systematic description and analysis on fertility desire of the childbearing-aged people in urban and rural areas. As for influencing factors of fertility desire, we mainly used macroscopical social factors, mesoscopic family factors and microcosmic personal factors to make quantitative analysis and judgement.The main conclusions are as following :(1)Urban and rural people of childbearing age generally have high fertility desire of giving birth to“Two-child”;(2)Rural childbearing-aged people have preference for boys, urban childbearing-aged people don’t have obvious preference for gender;(3) The desired initial bearing time of urban childbearing-aged people is later than that of rural childbearing-aged people, but their common desired interval of bearing is “3 years”;(4)The childbearing-aged people in urban and rural areas pay attention to the quality of bearing, they mainly care the health and education of children;(5)Childbearing-aged people in rural area hold more traditional opinions about bearing,such as “Reproduction” and “Support for the elderly”, and childbearing-aged people in urban area have more emotional needs as for bearing.We made a further analysis about the main influencing factors of fertility desire, and drew the conclusions as following:(1)Economic factors play a fundamental role in the fertility desire and behavior of childbearing-aged people in urban and rural areas and it further influences the fertility rate of urban and rural population;(2)Policy will have a significant impact on the desired number of children and gender preferences of childbearing-aged people;(3)The traditional cultural concept has a certain influence on the fertility desire of childbearing-aged people in urban and rural areas.Finally we analyzed and discussed the problems found in the process of empirical research, and put forward some related countermeasures and suggestions:(1)Encouraging childbearing-aged people in urban and rural areas actively to give birth to the ‘Two-child”;(2)Helping low-income people in rural area to improve income and establishing a sound old-age security system in rural area;(3) Strengthening education and publicity and guiding childbearing-aged people to establish a new concept of bearing;(4)Establishing an effective mechanism to protect the legitimate rights and interests of urban female workers, and eliminating worries for them of giving birth to the “Two-child”.