The School Sports Education Of The Capital Area In The Late Qing Dynasty And The Early Years Of The Republic Of China

After the mid-19th century, some Western capitalist countries increased outward expansion and plunder. The Qing government still insisted on the policy of seclusion, thus the national power was on the decline, people suffered hungry and cold, weak physique, became the object that Western powers invaded.The Chinese people were contemptuously called "sick man of Asia." The humiliating call shocked so many people, they gradually reversed the complacent attitude, and actively learned about the world situation, to seek good ways to get rid of the national crisis. In this process, many people recognized that the national strength must rely on the strong people, and the reform of the education must carried out as soon as possible.Physical education should also be intergrated into the new education reform as a good way to enhance the national constitution and to wash national humiliation.Thus, in 1904, the Qing government carried out the reform of the educational system, began modern sports education in schools at all levels of teaching.Because of its special geographical position, the Capital Area was firstly affected by the Westernization of the reform movement, and thus contacted and introduced the modern Western sports firstly. The publicity and promotion of Christian youth in the region also make modern sports in the region popular, the school physical education has been further developed.In addition,attention from official and academic promoted the development of the physical education in the Capital Area.Therefore, the school physical education in the Capital Area from he late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China has made great progress.Although this period of School Physical Education in the Capital Area developed rapidly, the systematic research about school physical education in this area was so limited."Beijing annals sports annals" and "Annals of Tianjin sports records"contains some discussion of these local schools physical education, but these discussion is more fragmented and not rich enough. Therefore,1 intend to start from some of the original historical data and carefully investigate the development of the school sports from the late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China.The first chapter analyzes the historical background of school sports in the Capital Area from the late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China, investigate the composition and training of the late Qing Dynasty sports teacher in the Capital Area,and comb the basic situation of the sports course and the emergency of sports extracurricular activities.The second chapter describes the change of the way of training of sports teacher in the early Republic,illustrates the process of the transformation of school sports teaching concept and the continuous improvement of school sports teaching in the early Republic in the Capital Area. Futhermore,l will introduce the curricular sports activities in the schools that were deeply developed.The third chapter analyzes the achievements of school sports from the late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China in the Capital Area. This chapter can be divided into two parts, one is the origion and the development of the women’s sports education and another I will introduce the performance of the students of the Capital Area in the domestic and international sports events from the late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China in the Capital Area. Conclusion part analyzes the reasons why the school sports in the Capital Area made great achievement from the late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China.