| Oil and gas resource is an important strategic energy source which is related to nationaleconomic security. Under the background of the sustainable growth of oil and gas demand and theweak growth of onshore oil and gas production, offshore oil and gas exploration has become oneof the main channels of guarantee the oil and gas resource supply. Offshore oil and gasdevelopment projects, especially deepwater oil and gas projects, are the investment focus ofmultinational oil companies, and offshore oil and gas international cooperation has become aninevitable trend. Currently, China’s three major oil companies have entered the offshore oil and gasfields one by one, under the guidance of "going out" strategy, explore the international marketactively. Study on Chinese offshore oil-gas enterprises’ international comparative advantages andinternational cooperation mode is helpful for these enterprises to take apart in internationalcompetition and cooperation more widely and effectively no matter in theory or practice.Based on the theory of comparative advantage, international competitiveness of enterprises,and international cooperation, combined with the characteristics of offshore oil and gas exploration,the analysis provides theoretical support for international competitiveness evaluation and theinternational cooperation mode selection of China’s offshore oil-gas enterprises. Then, throughsorting out and analyzing the present status of international and domestic offshore oil and gasexploration and cooperation, we got the future trends of international cooperation in offshore oiland gas exploration field, like focusing on deepwater areas, strengthening strategic alliances, andthe problems and challenges Chinese offshore oil-gas enterprises are facing with, such asdeepwater technology factors, defects of PSC mode, etc.This study selects the relevant data of CNOOC, Sinopec, CNPC, Exxon Mobil, Shell, BP,Petrobras and Total in2012as original datan to builts up the evaluation index system, and thenuses multi-hierarchal grey relational methods to appraises offshore oil-gas enterprises’international competitiveness. Assessment results obtained: Firstly, the competitive advantage ofChina’s offshore oil-gas enterprises focused on operating&management ability and development&innovation ability; market share, profitability and multinational operation ability are not obviousadvantages; resources and scale ability is at a competitive disadvantage. Secondly, CNOOC,Sinopec and CNPC are not completely the same, CNPC’s overall international competitiveness are strongest among the three. Its development&innovation, resources&scale and multinationaloperation ability have obvious advantages, but market share, profitability and operating&management ability are weaker than the multinational oil giants. CNOOC’s overall internationalcompetitiveness is second strongest,1.2%less than CNPC,and11.78%less than Exxon Mobil, itsdevelopment&innovation, profitability and operating&management ability have competitiveadvantage, and its resources&scale ability is obvious disadvantages.Further study on Chinese offshore oil-gas enterprises’ international cooperation selection atthe present stage and future development prospects, which based on summarizing thecharacteristics of international cooperation modes selection in different historic periods andmaking a comprehensive analysis of internal environment, external environment and risk factors,shows that: international investment cooperation mode is fast developing at the present stage, andChina’s offshore oil-gas enterprises are turning to multinational oil and gas companies withinvestment characteristics. The scale and scope of CNOOC’ overseas merger and acquisitionexpands unceasingly, and the cooperation mode of making the joint bid with the multinational oilgiants in upstream and multi-equity operations in the middle and downstream has been used byCNOOC. CNPC and Sinopec increase their acquisition of overseas offshore oil-gas fields andstrengthen the strategic cooperation with international oil-gas companies with technologicaladvantage. In the future, cooperation modes will be more flexible and varied with the rapiddevelopment of investment cooperation mode, trade cooperation mode will be still one of the mainchannels of oil and gas supply, contract cooperation mode could be severer and more complex,joint venture and strategic alliance with multinational oil giants will be a better choice for China’soffshore oil-gas enterprises.China’s offshore oil-gas enterprises need to seize the opportunities for development. SoChinese companies should: Firstly, fully analyze their international competitive advantages anddisadvantages; Secondly, enhance international competitiveness in personnel training,technological innovation, production and operation, market competition, and multinationalmanagement effectively; Thirdly, consider the competitive environment and risks at home andabroad; Forthly, apply and create offshore oil and gas international cooperation model flexibly. |
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