| The typical areas from the north, south and central part of Henan Province were selected as the study cases for applying diversity theory and landscape ecology principles to evaluate soil and land use spatial patterns.Analysing land use change in different years( 2001,2007 and 2013) for these studied areas by GIS and RS,and explore the spatial correlationship among land use, water and soil. The main conclusions are as following:(1)The common land use change of the three research areas from 2001 to 2013 had been found that urban and rural construction land and transportation land both increased in different degrees, on the contrary, cultivated land and forest land tend to reduce year by year. The land-use change comprehensive dynamic degree during 2001-2007 was: North(0.805%)> South(0.732%)> Central(0.538%),it indicated that the overall rate of land-use types in the North changes fast. But during 2007-2013, The change rate was :Central(0.809%)> South(0.465%)>North(0.310%).The three research areas all had abundant soil types.The main soils of these areas were Aquic Cambosols and Ustic Argosols in the North, Ustic Argosols in the Central, Stagnic Anthrosols in the South.(2) The diversity theory was used to analyze the spatial distribution diversity in different grid scales of soil and land use types, results show: the spatial distribution diversity index of cultivated land were all over 0.95 in these research areas, it indicated that this dominate distribution were uniform, the indices of urban and rural construction land and transportation land were gradually increased over time. Lithic Usti-Orthic Primosols in North(spatial distribution diversity index is 0.806), Claypani- Udic Argosols(0.811) in Central and Stagnic Anthrosols(0.897) all had even spatial distribution; The spatial diversity of the same soil type or land use type had similar variation in different grid scales. Spatial distribution diversity index of network landscape would increase with the increasing grid scales.but basal landscape and sporadic landscape would decrease.(3) The correlationship between spatial distribution diversity and landscape indices. There was a positive correlation ships between PLAND of soil(or land use) and soil(land use) spatial distribution diversity, There was a positive correlationship between MPS of soil land soil spatial distribution diversity,but there was a negative correlation between DIVISION and diversity of soil or land use(only in the North and South). Because of the special land use allocation in the Central, there was no clear correlationship.(4) The correlationship of the composition distribution diversity and landscape indices between land use and soil. There was no correlationship between the composition distribution diversity of soil and land use.But there was a positive correlationship between MPS of soil and land use, the correlation index was:2001:0.583;2007:0.572;2013:0.550.It indicated that there was no correlationship between richness indices of the soil and land use tyeps, but the patch of the soil had effect on land use types.(5)The effect of surface water resources on the spatial composition structure of the soil type was also analyzed. The correlation between soil mean patch shape index and water spatial distribution diversity index in three times was worked out by the calculation of Pearson correlation coefficient respectively:0.684,year 2001; 0.592, year 2007;0.667, year 2013. Results showed that the higher the discreteness of spatial distribution of surface water in counties or cities was, the more complex its soil patch shape was, while there was no significant effect of surface water resources on the uniformity of the composition of the soil types.(6) The correlation analysis of typical soil and land use spatial indicated the surface area of the typical soils permanently sealed has been increasing in the three sample areas, in which the rate in the north part of Henan was highest. Human activities directly affected the change of pedodiversity patterns. |
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