| Farmers are rational economic agents, they will select or configure resources between the secondary and tertiary industries of agriculture on the basis of family labor situation, financial conditions and the quantity and quality of land resources in particular social economic environment, in order to pursuit maximization of interests. In this process, changes in the price of factors of production and agricultural products price would affect the decision-making behavior of farmers of arable land use, and arable land use mode and intensive degree will change too. The prominent characteristics of China’s economic and social development currently is the acceleration of urbanization in the intermediate stage, and a large number of agricultural labor force transfer to cities and industrial sectors. With opportunity cost rising, agricultural production costs rise, which affected the land use mode and intensive degree. In mountainous area, the terrain features limits the development of mechanical, and resulted in the low level of mechanization, less elasticity of substitution for labor, and farmers in cultivated land management way possible by food to switch to the economic crops, or maintain only to meet the low efficiency of food rations for the purpose of cultivation, or direct abandoned, eventually led to the decrease of the multiple crop index, farmland marginalized phenomenon is obvious. Suitable for natural geographical conditions and the per capita cultivated land resource rich area, food production labor transfer is small, and hit the mechanical basic implementation to substitute for labor. At the same time, the precipitate labor promote spare farmland circulation, promote the development scale and intensive agriculture farmers. Urban and rural labor prompted topography precipitation of different regional cultivated land use intensity difference, caused the mountain area cultivated land utilization of marginalized and flat regional cultivated land intensive use, at the same time, the change of land use way to have an enormous effect on food security, ecological environment.Therefore, it is necessary through precipitate labor to research on the effects of different regional cultivated land use intensity, farmers land use model is constructed to explain my rural micro change of land use, which provides the theoretical foundation for rational land use.Chongqing was one of two overall urban and rural comprehensive reform testing and is the junction beween the Middle region and the West region economic development of our country, and is the largest economic centre in the upper reaches of the Yangtze river, southwest of industrial and commercial hub and the hub of land and water transportation. Chongqing city has the typical urban-rural dual structure, and urban-rural gap is big, unbalanced regional development, resource saving and environment protection task, collection and superposition of the phenomenon of eastern and western phenomenon in our country, with many areas in China, especially in the Midwest provinces similar characteristics, is a microcosm of our country’s basic national conditions.The household registration system reform as a breakthrough for the development of overall urban and rural areas in chongqing, break the urban and rural household registration system, promotes the rural labor force on a large scale into the city. As the precipitation in the Labour from agriculture, yeild of abandoned chongqing mountainous area of arable land, food production is reduced.Flat terrain, per capita cultivated land resource rich PingBa regional food production not only presents the shrinking phenomenon, instead of present agricultural intensification.Also in rural labor force under the background of a large number of outflow, mountain why produce marginalized phenomenon, why flat areas appear intensive phenomenon, the causes of different regional cultivated land use intensity difference is? This article hopes to explore different areas under the background of urban and rural labor exhalation farmers of arable land use intensity difference reasons, reveal the exhalation background in mountain area of agricultural labor force farmers configuration Labour and land resources decision-making mechanism, the law of the land use change, in order to the mountainous southwest agricultural development policy provided a reference for establishing reasonable.The results show that:(1) Different land use in different areas. ① The cultivated land area. You Yang County is located in the mountainous area, the population is relatively dispersed, while the cultivated land quality is relatively poor, but the cultivated land area is large, four times is yongchuan district farmers of arable land. YouYang County farmers contracted farmland is 1.09 ha, due to the relative lack of water, YouYang County paddy field area is 14.24% of the total area of arable land. Yongchuan district near the city proper, area is relatively stable, relatively concentrated population, cultivated land quality is relatively high,56.88% of the total area of arable land is paddy field and 4 times as YouYang County paddy field. ② Return the grain plots to forestry and abandonment. In returning farmland to forest and forest engineering and so on policies of the government’s call, YouYang County worth returning farmland area yongchuan district is 10 times the farmers. By wildlife and natural disaster and man-made factors, the influence of YouYang County of abandoned land area is large, accounts for about a third of the overall contracted land area, and more than 90% of farmers have abandoned behavior, and farmers abandoned the area of the rapid increase in recent years. Yongchuan district abandoned less arable land,1/20 worth of abandoned area is YouYang County.③ Transfer. Transfer area of the proportion of the number of the two counties to participate in the land circulation were similar, but the flow area ratio yongchuan district is far higher than YouYang County.(2) Crops arrangements. ① Multiple crop index. Cropping index above YouYang County yongchuan district.Multiple cropping index is 0, the weight of yongchuan district farmers is YouYang County twice;When multiple crop index to 1, the proportion of farmers YouYang County close to 40%, while yongchuan area is less than 7%;When multiple crop index between 1-1.5 and 1.52, yongchuan district farmers share more than 10% of YouYang County respectively, when multiple crop index greater than 2, yongchuan district farmers share more than 5% of YouYang County.As we can see from the distribution of the multiple crop index, YouYang County arable land use exist obvious extensive use, and land use are relatively concentrated in yongchuan. ② Crops arrangement. Corn, rice and potato are the two main food crops in the study area, yongchuan district is given priority to with food, economic crops YouYang County economic crops mainly flue-cured tobacco and medicine.(3) Inputs of arable land. ① Labor input. Research area of agricultural labor input focus on senile phase, and given priority to with the female labor force. Yongchuan district agricultural labor force aging and Nancy is more obvious than YouYang County, over 50 agricultural labor force, yongchuan district,4.39% more than YouYang County and female labor force more than 2.74%. ② Yield-increasing inputs. Yongchuan district farmers pesticide usage and seed of overall investment were relatively higher YouYang County is on the high side.Yongchuan district farmers prefer efficient compound fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer, mainly is the price is high, but the use effect is good, and the local people’s income level is higher;YouYang County farmers affected by farmers themselves economic factors and the impact of regional economic factors, using the number of effective compound fertilizer, less basic no nitrogen fertilizer, the use of urea and phosphate fertilizer prices are relatively low, and the area of flue-cured tobacco planting area is larger, so the flue-cured tobacco fertilizer proportion is high. ③ Labor saving inputs. In the province machinery (or animals) investment, in addition to cattle farmers proportion, the proportion of other kinds of tools farmers, yongchuan area were higher than YouYang County.(4) Factors influencing cultivated land use intensity. Yongchuan district capital intensive degrees higher than YouYang County YouYang County labor intensive degrees higher than yongchuan district.Influence yongchuan district and YouYang County factors of cultivated land use intensity differences have householder age, education level, non-farm labor, head of the household land area, farmland area and distance from town, etc.Cultivated land resource endowment and non-agricultural labor workforce is the key factor of intensive degree of differences, influence and geographical environment have important effects on the head of the household. |
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