Researches On Rural Land Trust Circulation By Comparison

As the levels of industrialization, informatization, urbanization in China are promoting, the comparative advantages of traditional agriculture characterized by household contract responsibility system are disappearing. In addition, the development of agricultural technology and agricultural devices need intensive farming and scale management, changing the situation of farming in fragment. With the premises of land collective ownership and household contract responsibility system, it is widely acknowledged that rural land should be circulated orderly. Among many modes of land circulation(including land exchange, land leasing and land shared cooperative),land trust gradually becomes the focus because of its efficiency and fairness. On the other hand, the feature of "three rights separated" in land trust circulation has a little impact on the fundamental land institution. It is good to stabilize the existing productive organization in rural area and protect farmer’s rights. Therefore, land trust circulation fits modern situation.In the large amount of existing land trust circulation, local governments play the main role. This is reflected by what the local governments have done in practice, including the establishment of organizations for land trust circulation. Although land trust circulation benefits most towns which undertake it. The benefits include land management in scale and the increase of farmers’revenue. However, there are also some problems. For example, it is difficult for capable individual and agricultural enterprises to loan. In addition, the role and position of local governments is vague. In order to settle the problems that local governments leads the land trust circulation, CITIC Trust initialed a new kind of land trust circulation in 2013,which was characterized by the leading role of a commercial trust company instead of local governments.These two modes have their own advantages and disadvantages. No matter what the results are, this is a good try in the reform of rural land institution. The reform of rural land institution concerns all the Chinese farmers. Which mode is better deserves more discussion and study.This article focuses on two questions:why trust system is used for rural land circulation and which mode should be chosen for land trust circulation. Through the comparison between trust and other different modes of land circulation and the comparison between land trust circulation led by local governments and land trust circulation led by commercial trust companies, this article concludes their own advantages and disadvantages, listing some problems in the process and giving suggestions about the reform of rural land institution and land trust circulation in the next stage.