| Power industry is an important basic industry. As electricity-marketed can play animportant role in promoting the protection of stable and rapid economic development,after2002our country reformed the electricity constantly, hoping to eventually build amechanism which is internet market and sales market marketed with transmission anddistribution market regulated. In the process of the reform, the core is the electricitytariff. The current sales tariff is completely controlled by our government, so it cannotresponse the market demand, make the allocation of power resources effectively, reflectthe trust cost of the electricity supply and explain the transparency of making sales tariff.Effective sales tariff should meet three objectives: efficiency, equity and consequent, inthree the effect can be expressed as two aspects: cost recovery and energy conservation,while the existing tariff does not meet the goals and the regulated sales tariff isstructural distortion. To solve this problem, this paper specifically discusses the reasonsabout structural distortion of sales tariff, simultaneously tries to eliminate thephenomenon, to make sales tariff optimize in line with the effective tariff.The extent about the structural distortion of sales tariff is affected by the price level,a good marketed tariff level would make the structural distortion reduce, on the contrary,it will cause more serious circumstance. Tariff level distorted is a problem which has notreached a marketed status, specifically may being in two sides. By analyzing the indexmargin of increase about the2002-2011coal and electricity price, the paper discoversthe two lacks an effective linkage, and combining with the2005-2011changes betweeninternet and sales tariff, ultimately obtaining that existing tariff level is significantlydistorted. Tariff structural distortion displays a performance that commercial andindustrial electricity price makes cross-subsidy for residents. Ramsey pricing is the mostcomprehensive manner to achieve effective tariff target, while cross-subsidization is aninverse Ramsey phenomenon. The article uses30provinces electricity data that Tibet isexcepted from2006to2011to analyze the elasticity of demand on residential electricityand the national-level data for industrial users, and then get the specific twist betweenresidential and industrial sales tariff. This phenomenon led to residential electricitydemand annually increased10.10%from2006to2011, which in turn indirectly led tothe aggravation of the environment pollution and made co2and so2exhaust more than20181700tons and130100tons emissions. Meanwhile, structural distortion has the possibility of making policy losses of generation companies, among2007to2011the highest is98.198billion.The price under government’s control must bring welfare losses, and the failure ofprice signal led to the emergence of the above problems, therefore, the existing salestariff structure needs to be optimized. Using the latest input-output coefficients andinput-output price model by tariff structural distortion to discuss the price influence thatthe changes of tariff structure to typical16sectors, then find that the change of salestariff structure plays a slight impact on economic, promotes industry structure toupgrade and optimize, and promotes the energy conservation. These illustrate thefeasibility of optimizing sales tariff structure. The structure optimization is based onmaximizing the efficiency of Ramsey pricing, but it didn’t consider the fairness of thecarious groups. We can observe fairness by affordability, this paper analyzesaffordability in macro and mirco level from2006-2011to confirm that low-incomegroups’ is the worst, and optimizing tariff structure doesn’t improve the situation, whichneed with the most effective electricity subsidy mechanism to solve for low-income. |
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