| Since the mid-1990s, the development of production technology andinformation technology makes the international industrial division of laborfurther refinement, gradually developed from the inter industry and intra industrydivision of labor to intra product specialization, product production can beseparated in space. As the main form of international vertical specialization,international manufacturing outsourcing has obtained the widespreaddevelopment. In international manufacturing outsourcing activities, with low-costadvantage, China extensive undertake manufacturing outsourcing from developedcountries, which laid China to the position of undertake large country in theinternational manufacturing market. In fact, in order to use the low-costtechnological advantages in foreign, China also issued manufacturingoutsourcing to the international market, at the same time to undertake themanufacturing outsourcing. That is to say in the international manufacturingoutsourcing market, China acts the perspective of undertaking states andoutsourcing states. In the outsourcing this production and international tradepattern, different production links and processes have different requirements ofproduction factors, there are also have differences economic effects on countrieswith different status in production value chain. Large-scale participation ininternational manufacturing outsourcing has a great and far-reaching influence onChina’s employment, but this effect is not sure, and under different outsourcingrole this effect also exist certain differences. As a typical export-orientedeconomic growth in the country, how to continue to deepen explore theinternational market, and at the same time solve the problem of domesticemployment, is a major issue placed in front of us.In this paper, based on summarizing literature about the employment effects and testing method of international manufacturing outsourcing on the domesticand foreign, and in accordance with the reality of China’s participation in themanufacturing outsourcing, we improve the international manufacturingoutsourcing calculation method, then we estimates China’s manufacturingoutsourcing overall participation rate, the manufacturing sub-sector participationrate and involvement of different forms of participation rate. Combined withChina’s actual to analysis the current employment situation in China’s domesticmanufacturing, and analysis the path of international manufacturing outsourcinginfluences the employment size and employment structure in the Chinese labormarket. On this basis, by constructing panel data to carry on the empiricalanalysis, study the employment effects of China’s participation in internationalmanufacturing outsourcing. Finally, make policy recommendations to promotedomestic job growth and improve the structure of employment.Main conclusions of this article are: first, from2002to2011, theundertaking and outsourcing ratio of China’s overall, different industry anddifferent forms all presented a downward trend in volatility of first increased andthen decreased and then gradually restored. Second, between2002and2012employment growth in capital-intensive industries and technology-intensiveindustries are relatively fast, while in labor-intensive industries employmentgrowth is generally not significant. The change of the relative employment ofskilled labor in various industries is relatively complex, vary greatly amongindustries. Ways of undertake manufacturing outsourcing and manufacturingoutsourcing affect employment is different. Third, whether to undertake oroutsource will promote our country manufacturing industry employment. Amongthem, to undertake the processing outsourcing and outsource processes wouldinhibit the increase in employment, under take parts outsourcing, and outsourceparts will promote employment, but the two effects of different size.Fourth, whether to undertake or outsource are not conducive to optimizing thestructure of employment in china. Among them, the employment structure effectsof processing outsourcing, undertake parts, outsource processing and outsourceparts are negative, but there are differences in the size.This paper recommends that guide the outsourcing company transform fromsimple of undertake to a dual identity of undertake and outsource. Actively promote enterprises engaged in manufacturing outsourcing to upgrade theprocess. Lead the technology intensive industry enterprises to actively participatein international manufacturing outsourcing, especially undertake outsourcing.Encourage low technology enterprises which have participated in internationalmanufacturing outsourcing to increase R&D investment. Thus, to achieve thepurposes of deepen the international market, and at the same time, promote thedomestic employment growth and the optimization of employment structure. |
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