The Contemporary Value On Perception Of Bukharin’s Socialist Agricultural Economic Thought

Nicholas Ivanovich Bukharin was a famous economist of Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, whose agricultural economy thoughts included scientific and rational factors. They were close to the new economic policy thoughts in the last years of Lenin and enriched and developed the economic theories of Marxism. Bukharin advocated promoting the development of rural economy. He emphasized that the country’s investment in agriculture should increase and technology level, production instrument level, farmers’ educational level should be improved. The country allowed the coexistence of different kinds of economic sectors during the transitional period, helped the growth of individual farmers, allowed them to accumulate benefits and mobilized farmers to produce actively. He also thought that the country should rationally coordinate and develop the grain industry, animal husbandry and production of technical crops and keep the inner balance of agriculture. Bukharin pointed out that proletariat must handle their relationships with farmers during the transitional period. The country should attract farmers to voluntarily join the cooperative association by real benefits through contacting famers by the cooperative association and through the effect of classical examples, He insisted that the country could gradually push out capitalist elements through fully supporting the cooperative association, restricting and monitoring enriching farmers cooperative association and finally through market relationship and using competition and restriction in economy. Bukharin thought the balanced development of industry and agriculture should be promoted. He opposed extract agricultural capital to use in industrial construction to a maximum extent, and did not agree to unilaterally develop agriculture without attaching importance to the development of industry as well. He thought industry was the motive power of the development agriculture. Thus, the country should rationally get capital for industrialization and correctly handle the limitation problem of accumulation and investment. The country should carry out correct price policy, encourage farmers to accumulate, enlarge farmers’ demands, promote balanced development of industrial economy and agricultural economy in combination with plan guide and market mechanism, and put the consolidation of the alliance of the workers and peasants at the first place from beginning to end. This paper starts from introducing the real background of Bukharin’s socialist agricultural economy thoughts, cleans out the main contents of Bukharin’s agricultural economy thoughts, and discusses about the reference meaning of his agricultural economy thoughts towards our country’s agricultural economy development.This paper can be divided into three parts. The first part mainly introduces the background of formation of Bukharin’s socialist agricultural economy thoughts. Russia is country where farmers account for the majority of the population. The problem of agriculture has great importance in Russia. But at that time the international and domestic environment of Russia were terrible, in addition to serious food crisis, developing agricultural economy was imperative. As for how to develop agricultural economy, there were mainly two different viewpoints in the Soviet Party. Bukharin opposed to extract agricultural capital to use in heavy industry to a maximum extent or develop agriculture to a maximum extent. He emphasized the country should keep industrial development and agricultural development balanced.The second part mainly discusses the main contents and comments of Bukharin’s socialist agricultural economy thoughts. Bukharin emphasized the country must increase its investment in agriculture, mobilize all social economic strength through market, rationally distribute rural labor forces to develop rural economy and improve agricultural productive forces. The country should contact individual farmer family and small economy, realize quick transition of agriculture and the country’s economic leadership toward farmers to lead farmers onto the socialist road through the cooperative association road. The country should keep industrial economy and agricultural economy balanced, rationally use market mechanism to promote the development of industrial economy and agricultural economy, and keep the state power solid. Bukharin’s agricultural economy thoughts had many scientific and rational elements and conformed to the development principles of agricultural economy, especially the demands of agricultural socialist transformation in economically backward countries. But there were also limitations. The analysis should be divided into two aspects.The third part discusses the inspiration of Bukharin’s socialist agricultural economy thoughts toward our country’s agricultural economic development in combination with practice of the modernization of agriculture with distinct Chinese characteristics in new situations. It mainly includes developing modern agriculture, continuously improving the quality of agricultural production elements through increasing expenditure, mobilizing all parties, ensuring the balance of supply and demand of farm produce in regional aspect and in type structure aspect, building new cooperation economy that adapts to the demands of the market, using agricultural economy cooperation organization to organize farmer families, building efficient agricultural comprehensive production and operation system, carrying out policies that support the development of agricultural economy cooperation organization; carrying out new policies of the industry boosting the agriculture and cities supporting rural villages to promote coordinated development of urban economy and rural economy.