Study On The Envoronmental Effects Of Economic Development In Urbanization

Urbanization is a social phenomenon which has a profound impact on economic and social development,the rapid urbanization has achieved positive results over the years but also accumulated some serious environmental problems in China.This paper starts the study from the domestic and foreign research on economic development and environmental pressure,analyzing the concept,shape,external factors and theory evolution of Environmental Kuznets curve,combining urbanization process with environmental economic policies,discussing the major economic policies and their characteristics in each stage of urbanization in China.Meanwhile,this paper analyzes the stage characteristics and influence factors of industrial pollutant emission intensity during the urbanization process and considers the rationality and effectiveness of environmental management and policy measures from the micro perspective.Finally,we put forward some policy suggestions for accelerating urbanization.The paper's major contribution is about: 1.Taking 285 cities as research subjects,which not only enriches and broadens existing perspective that mainly gathered in the national or provincial level research,but also provides some experience for regions whose new urbanization are promoting.2.A dummy variable of urban scale which divided by resident population is introduced into the traditional STIRPAT Model,we analyze the environmental effects relationship among cities with different scale,and do some further study about what environmental effects have changed during the process of urbanization.3.Constructing a comprehensive environmental performance index system including 4 two-class index,12 three-class index and 26 four-class index,discussing the environmental effects of 26 cities from 2004 to 2013,making a comprehensive evaluation on the ecological environmental quality and environmental policy management.The conclusion shows that: 1.the Environmental Kuznets curve is a statistical law between economic development and environmental protection in different development stages of industrial countries,some factors such as industrial structure transformation,energy structure adjustment,environmental governance path selection can accelerate the arrival of turning point or flat the curve.2.The adjustment of industrial structure has a significant environmental effect on pollution emission intensity,the study of 285 cities shows that the variable of second industry output accounted for total GDP has a significant pull effect on industrial pollutant emission intensity.Although there shows a rational trend for the development of industrial structure in most cities,some resource consumption issues and environmental pollution problems still exist for those cities which over depend on the second industry.3.Population urbanization,urban space expansion are important manifestation of urbanization,with the increase of population density and the expansion of space scale,a phenomenon of “pollution transfer” occurred among different scale,different economic development cities.4.The problem of “pollution haven” is not outstanding.On the contrary,foreign enterprises have significant positive environmental effects for reducing pollution emission intensity on industrial smoke related sectors.In a certain range of city scale,city scale has a significant effect on industrial pollution emission intensity.5.For most cities,the turning point of Environmental Kuznets curve for industrial pollution emission intensity may has arrived.At present,the EKC is at the stage of declining with small possibilities of pollution rebound.But it's worth noting that the arrival of turning point of pollution emission does not mean that the turning point of environmental quality improvement occurred.6.The EPI reflects the level of environmental performance management,there is a wave trend for 26 cities from 2004 to 2013,differences are obvious especially for those cities with different scale or cities in different regions.7.The indictors of environmental health,ecological protection,resource and energy,environmental management represent different performance of environmental policy management exist and there are some differences among indictors.Finally,we put forward five suggestions: 1.Understanding and handling relationship between environmental protection and economic development,leaving sufficient sustainable development of ecologic capital for urbanization lagging areas,pushing forward the environmental poverty alleviation work.2.Strengthening the general environmental protection plan,making clear that the ecological red line and the urban growth boundaries,building a reasonable space structure for economic development and ecological protection,introducing “green capital” actively.3.Making clear the pollution status and natural endowment differences for each region,building a index system considering region differences.Through the implementation of environmental quality objective matrix management model,it's suggested to make a list of cities labelled by benchmarking cities,standard cities and need to improve cities in the areas of atmosphere,water and soil.5.Optimizing the environmental performance index system,exploring the short board of environmental performance.Through dividing authority and responsibility between different levels of Party Committees and Government,it's likely to build a clear environmental policy management system.5.Promoting environmental protection mechanism innovation,playing the synergistic effect of environmental audit,green assessment,environmental supervision,administrative talk to environmental supervision etc.,guiding social capital to enter the field of environmental protection by means of green finance.