Developement Of Naturalactive Substance Based On Water Hyacinth And Its Application On Cotton Fabrics

Synthetic surfactants,which bear a lot demand and consumption for our daily life,derived mainly from increasingly depleted oil and its downstream products,and can cause a certain degree of environmental burden.Recently,with the enhancement of human environmental awareness,biomass,as a renewable raw material for surfactant,has become a hotspot of research area.Water hyacinth,namely eichhornia crassipes,one of the foreign invasive weeds,is widely available all over the world.It is not only easy to degrade,but also contains many bioactive substances,such as flavonoids,polysaccharides and chlorophyll.Therefore,water hyacinth provides the possibility for people to extract the active substance and is supposed to be used as the ingredient of biomass based surfactant.In this paper,the water-soluble and surface-active substances were extracted from water hyacinth by Soxhlet extraction.The extraction process and the main influencing factors was determined by single factor test and orthogonal test respectively.The surfactant type and the main chemical components of the extract were identified by chemical methods.The water-soluble surface active substances were purified to measure its infrared spectrum and determine the functional groups.Each application performance of surface-active substances was investigated respectively,including the CMC,surface tension,HLB value,foaming performance,emulsification,wettability,and resistance to acid and alkali.Furthermore,the compatibility of extracted active substances with other commercial synthetic surfactants,such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate(SDBS),dodecyl dimethyl betaine(BS-12)and perogol O(PPJO),was tested respectively on the aspects of surface tension,foam performance and emulsification.Finally,the extract active substances were used as detergent to wash cotton fabrics dyed with reactive dyes.The best washing conditions were also tested.In addition,the extract was compounded with the mentioned commercial surfactants above respectively.The compound was applied as the soaping agent to wash the cotton fabrics.And the net washing effects were evaluated.The main results are summarized as following:(1)The optimum process parameters of Soxhlet extraction method for surface-active substances from water hyacinth are as follows: temperature 90?,60%(v/v)ethyl alcohol as extraction solvent,material ratio 1g/40 m L,extraction time 2.0-2.5h.The crude extraction efficiency of water-soluble surface-active substances is up to 13.7wt.%-16.3wt.%.(2)Water-soluble and surface-active substances,extracted from eichhornia crassipes,are mainly composed by flavonoids,phenols or tannins,polysaccharide and organic acids.Among them,polysaccharide and organic acids are the main effective surface-active components of the extract.(3)The HLB value of water-soluble and surface-active substances is 10-13,indicated their good hydrophilicity and emulsibility.The surface activity of the extract was affected by acidity in the p H value range of 1-6.With the decrease of p H value,the surface activity of the extract was enhanced.However,in p H value range of 6-10,the surface activity of the extract decreased with the increase of p H value.(4)When mixing with other types of surfactant,namely sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate(SDBS),dodecyl dimethyl betaine(BS-12)and perogol O(PPJO),the surface activity,emulsification effects,foaming property of water-soluble,and surface-active extract are increased.The water-soluble and surface-active extract based on water hyacinth is expected to be used for commercial surfactant.(5)When using the water-soluble and surface-active extract from water hyacinth as detergent to wash cotton fabrics dyed with Reactive Red L-S,the optimum process parameters are as follows: temperature 80?,1.5g/L-2.0g/L water soluble extracts as detergent,washing time 15 min.(6)When the water-soluble and surface-active extract from water hyacinth compounded with other types of surfactant in the mass ratio of 1:1,namely sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate(SDBS),dodecyl dimethyl betaine(BS-12)and perogol O(PPJO),to form a soaping agent,and using the soaping agent to wash cotton fabrics,which were dyed with Reactive Red L-S,Reactive Yellow L-F and Reactive Blue L-3G,it will have better effects than using the single surfactant alone.As a result,the concentration of the residual liquid is increased,and the K/S value of the fabric decreases to a certain extent.The rubbing fastness and soaping fastness for the treated fabric increases,which can reach about level 3,even above level 3.After adding PVP,the net cleaning effect increased more significantly.The rubbing fastness and soaping fastness for the treated fabric increased by level 0.5.It is found that the water-soluble and surface-active extract from waterhyacinth is expected to be used alone or in combination with other surfactant to be detergent for cotton fabrics.