The Studies Of The Historical And Cultural Village Streets And Lanes’ Space Form In Ji’an City,Jiangxi Province

Streets and lanes were the skeleton and support of the historical and cultural village, which was the miniature of village history. And it was an important part of the cultural system in our country. Since 21 th century, with the rapid development of economy and society, and with the constant promotion of rural construction, geographical features and traditional culture had a big impact. At such background, we can provide the basis for protection and development of local characteristic through system researching its spacial form of the historical and cultural village streets and lanes.In this study, we took 17 historical and cultural villages as research object. Through literature review and field investigation, combined with urban planology, landscape design, spatial morphology and such multidisciplinary content. In order to provide certain reference of village landscape protection and update, we discussed the formation background of historical and cultural village streets and lanes space form, material components and the characteristics of street space. The main results were as bellow:(1) The bottom interface was comprised of pavage, stairs, drainage and so on. The main materials of flooring included soft stone, green rectangular stone, red stone, gravel and Rammed Earth. The drainage system had two types, such as open drains(located on both sides of the streets), underdrain(located in the middle of the streets). The open drains general 12-35 cm wide, 5-30 cm depth, underdrain generally 30 to 60 cm wide, 50-150 cm depth.Street-side interface was comprised of wall frme(miter wall, fish-like wall, “one” type wall, mixed type wall), doors(into gate, entrance, shop’s door), windows and so on. In this study, 17 researched village all existed miter wall and wharf wall. There were the fish-like wall of Beixia village and other 10 villages. The materials of wall frame had brick wall, adobe wall, rammed earth wall, soft stone wall, blue brick wall and so on. Among these kinds of wall frame, the maximum number was the blue brick wall, like Tangbian village and other 16 villages; the minimum number was the mixed wall of blue brick mixture with stone, like Hejun village,2 villages. The middle door of streets and lanes can be divided into gate, entrance(doorframe, marquee type, door socket type, gate type, porch-like door), shop’s door. 17 villages had the entrance, like Diaoyuan village. 2 villages had the shop’s door, like Meibei village.(2) There were diversity art decoration of streets and lanes in Ji an city, such as character(The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, Tale of the White Snake, the story of Jiang Ziya fishing, the people of Pilgrimage, male and female of arming with meat and double sword, etc), anmals(Dragon, phoenix, lions, kylin, crane, monkey, fish, butterflies, etc), plants(lotus, water lily, peony, etc), and Geometric patterns(swastika grain, cracked ice, plaid, etc). And its architectural technology of streets and lanes had varieties, such as stone carving(flat curving, bas-relief, high relief, openwork curving, mainstream sculpture, etc), wood carving(full relief, openwork curving, bas-relief, continuous kiln, yin and yang scratch, etc), grey model(moulding clay figures, paste-on-paste decoration and sculpture), ink painting landscapes and so on.(3) In this study, we surveyed and mapped 35 pieces of streets and lanes of Beixia village. The scale of Beixia village streets and lanes were relatively small. The wide of the inside streets was 2.0-3.2 meters, and the wide of the lanes was 0.6-2.0 meters. There was a great span period of side interface buildings, most were up to 1980 s, accounted about 49%. The minimum was the period of the republic of China, accounted about 7%. The village existing intact ancient building of in the qing dynasty, including 25 ancient ancestral temple, six ancient archway, three ancient gate house, one pavilion, one college and more than 100 residential building history.Varieties of buildings materials, most is the red brick, accounted about 39%; and a minimum of blue brick, accounted about 24%. The buildings on the streets and lanes were between 2 to 3 floors, most the 2 floors, and a minimum of 3 floor, accounted about 70% and 2%, respectly. The D/H value of streets and lanes’ space were 0.1-2.0m, among that, 11 were 0.1 to 0.3, 17 were 0.3 to 0.6, 3 were 0.6-1.0, 4 were 1.0-2.0. The D/H value of lanes were 0.1-0.6. The most streets and lanes at the inter village were rich in inflexion, Mixed strewn at random, and changing of space. The D/H value of streets were 0.6-1.3, which formed a cohesion and closed space.