Study On The Influencing Factors And Its Planning Strategy Of The Shrinking Cities In Northeast China

Along with China's urbanization level entering into the Lewis turning point,urban development enables the polarization between the increase and decrease of population to increasingly enlarge.Behind the background of the development of China's megacities,there is the “shrinking city” with low density of population of 180.The “shrinking city” has become a research hotspot among academia from home and abroad.In Northeastern China,the shrinking city is an essential part and has attracted wide attentions.The paper takes the prefectural cities of Northeastern China as the research sample of the shrinking city,and the prefectural cities include Yichun,Hegang,Jixi,Fushun and Tieling.The research orientation is to finally give political advices for identifying the shrink of the population of prefectural cities and for studying the influence factors of the shrink.Conducting researches on the shrink of cities provides new angles for the change of urban planning thinking mode.The ultimate purpose of this paper is to try to figure out the planning strategies for the resource-exhausted cities in the type of shrinking cities.The author summarizes the previous papers by firstly sorting out documents about the shrink modes and causes,facing problems,responsive strategies and four domestic developmental stages of the shrinking cities in home and abroad,and makes comparisons;then the author defines relevant concepts concerning the shrinking cities and studies related theoretical bases and finally by using eight cases from home and abroad compares the different planning strategies bringing about varied effects.Urban Island is similar to the current situations of the prefectural shrinking cities of Northeastern China in this paper.The author makes references to the subsequent chapters about political advices for such strategies being the solution of the shrinking cities.The paper determines the research subject and questions through the questionnaire on the shrinking cities and data statistics on the population of Northeastern China.By comparing the urban competition of prefectural cities in Northeastern China,the author finds out that the urban competition of five prefectural cities in Northeastern China is decreasing in scoring and ranking,that is to say,the change of urban competition scoring can be used as a reference to determine whether the city is shrinking.Except for Tieling,all the other five shrinking cities are resourcesoriented,indicating that resources-oriented cities are the major shrinking types in Northeastern China.Factors and mechanisms that affect China's urban areas are complicated.Regional economic development,urbanizational industrial structures,demographic structures,environmental factors and political factors are of much interpretation.This chapter identifies with regression model for factors affecting the shrinking cities.Amongst these affecting factors such as GDP,annual GDP growth rate,degree of openness,employees' average salaries,urbanizational rate,employment changes in primary,secondary and tertiary industries,employment changes in manufacturing,GDP proportions in primary,secondary and tertiary industries,aging rate,birth rate,green coverage rate,average schooling years,resourcesoriented cities or not,old industrial areas or not,both resources-oriented cities and old industrial areas or not,average pavement areas,GDP proportions in fiscal expenditure and administrative levels,etc.,the author identifies that GDP,annual GDP growth rate,degree of openness,employment changes in primary,secondary and tertiary industries,employment changes in manufacturing,average pavement areas,GDP proportions in fiscal expenditure and administrative levels as well as the shrinking population from population scopes(all cities,non-shrinking cities and shrinking cities in Northeastern China)of three different levels all present significant levels of below 10%.Based on the shrinking cities in Northeastern China,the author gives suggestions in six aspects,respectively including value diversification,adaptation to local conditions,focusing on the improvement of urban life quality rather than scale growth;advocating green urban construction,demolishing abandoned buildings;calling for public participation and making prompt adjustment in the administrative divisions;promoting the revival of urbanization,controlling incremental and revitalizing the stock;promoting elasticity space and mixed nature of land;promoting the development of urban agriculture and the transformation and upgrading of industrial,and developing the ice industry as the core of the tourism;enhancing city prosperity,vitality,and the capability of public service.The paper then choses the city of Yichun as a case study.Firstly,it studies the shrinking background,zoon bit,location,transportation conditions,phases of development,and background of planning strategy of the city.Secondly,it studies the lighting during nighttime and the shrinking conditions it reflects to generalize the characteristics of shrinking.Moreover,the paper analyzes the causes of shrinking of Yichun.Finally,suggested polices are offered according to the causes of shrinking of Yichun.To determine whether the city of Yichun is shrinking,in addition to the usual field research and statistical data processing,night lighting data and urban competitiveness scores are adopted as well.Night light data show that the number of pixels in Yichun in 2013 is less than of 2010,that is,the night lights show a reduction in the region,thus the city has shrunk.There are economic and social phenomena in Yichun,such as “deindustrialization" and "deurbanization".The spatial features of Yichun is similar to that of most resource-based cities,that is,the population agglomerate in urban centers and reduce in surrounding city proper.The main reasons for the city shrinking in Yichun include three aspects: location conditions,the influence factors of resource-based cities and the unique characteristics of Yichun city.The proposed polices are: identify the positioning of the city,make rational planning of city population;focus on ecological construction and implement green infrastructure,promote public participation and participatory planning;adopt compact space layout mode and elastically plan the city spare land;develop the under-forest economy driven by industrial park project to create the ice-based tourism;enhance the local folk characteristics in Yichun.