The Optimized Utilization Research Of Parking Space Based On The Floating Price

With the rapid development of motorization and urbanization,traffic congestion and parking problems are becoming increasingly serious in many metropolis,which have brought abominable influence on the economic development and natural environment of those cities,the effect of existing pricing and strategy on adjusting traffic demand and relieving traffic pressure is gradually weakened.With the limitation of metropolis' spatial layout,combining with the inspiration of “Braess' s paradox”,parking difficulties can't be solved by merely building extensive parking lots,the shortage of parking space will persist for a long term in many metropolis.Against this background,the research and development on effective parking pricing strategy to coordinate the relationship between parking supply and demand and to optimize the use of existing parking lots are significant.This dissertation firstly analyzes the current research situation of domestic and international parking pricing,then,analyzes and compares the parking pricing of several representative metropolis both home and aboard.The pricing experience of parking in developed areas is summarized,and the parking problems of domestic metropolis are summarized and analyzed.Secondly,this dissertation illustrates the principles of parking charges and parking demand management,then,the model of travel choice under the effect of parking costs is established based on the theory of disaggregate Logit model.The model is validated by RP and SP data of Guangzhou parkers which are grouped into four categories according to the length of parking time,the functions between parking costs and travel mode choice are established among four parking time ranges.The total parking size under different parking costs is estimated based on the influence analysis of parking time and parking costs on the car travel sharing ratio by using the theory of elasticity.Thirdly,in order to calculate the parking size of curb parking and garage parking after parking price changes,the model of parking location choice is established based on the attributes and characteristics analysis of different types of parking lots and on the principle of random utility maximization.Then,taking parking fees in every ten minutes as decision variables,floating parking price models are established based on the car travel sharing ratio model and parking location choice model to achieve optimal social benefit under governmental pricing,and to maximize the parking revenue under fully competitive market,as well as,to optimize the upper social benefits while maximizing the lower considered parking operators' profit when public and private parking lots coexist.Finally,taking the central district of Guangzhou as an example,the case study about floating parking price models is carried out,and the results of three models are analyzed and compared,several advices for Guangzhou parking pricing and optimal use of parking space are proposed based on this.